数字平台垄断阴影下新闻业的危机与破局——美国警报和中国观照

The Journalism Industry Crisis and its Resolution under the Shadow of Digital Platform Monopoly:A Comparative Study of U. S. and China

2020年10月,美国国会公布反垄断调查报告《数字市场竞争调查》,拉响了数字平台企业反垄断监管的警报。坐拥亿万用户的垄断数字平台,早已不是简单的技术型企业,而是具有媒体属性的公共基础设施。在新闻传播领域,它们通过控制信息分发渠道抢夺受众和广告,为新闻媒体的发展带来了严重的威胁。反观中国新闻业,虽然借助行政资源的支持获得了一定的生存空间,但整个行业同样笼罩在数字平台的垄断阴影之下。垄断数字平台掌握新闻分发权力,挤压新闻媒体生存空间,又难担把关人重任,对中国媒体发展环境和信息传播秩序带来了重重障碍。为破除垄断阻碍,未来我国可以依靠多重治理手段,完善立法、加强监管、改革产权、促进合作,引导传媒产业发展路径,完善信息传播环境。

In October 2020,the U.S.Congress released the antitrust investigation report"Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets",which raised the alarm of digital platform company monopoly.The monopolistic digital platform with hundreds of millions of users is no longer a simple technology-based enterprise,but a public infrastructure with media attributes.They rob audience and advertisements by controlling information distribution channels,posing a serious threat to the development of news media.Meanwhile,the Chinese journalism industry is also shrouded in the shadow of the digital platform monopoly,although it has gained a certain degree of living space with the support of government resources.Monopolistic digital platform controls the power of news distribution,squeezes the living space of news media,but also has difficulties in handling the task of gatekeeper,which has brought numerous obstacles to the development of Chinese media environment and disrupted the order of information dissemination.In order to break the monopoly barriers,we can rely on multiple governance methods to improve legislation,strengthen supervision,reform property rights,promote cooperation,guide the development path of the media industry,and hence improve the information dissemination environment.