大学扩招提升了社会公平感吗——基于主观公平感的断点回归分析

Does the Expansion of College Enrollment Improve Social Justice?A Regression Discontinuity Design Based on the Perception of Justice

本文利用中国综合社会调查的微观数据,采用模糊断点回归方法,选取总公平感、教育公平感、收入公平感和阶层流动公平感四个主观公平指标,全面考察高校扩招政策对社会公平的影响。实证结果显示:扩招显著提升了中国高等教育的入学机会,提高了因扩招而上大学个体的收入,使其对教育公平和收入公平产生更大的正向感知;与此同时,因扩招而上大学的个体对阶层流动的公平感知却明显降低,从而导致这一群体对社会总体公平的认同度显著降低。机制检验的结果表明,扩招是否让受益群体实现了向上的阶层流动,是影响高校扩招和社会公平感关系的关键机制。本文认为,大学扩招并不能有效解决中国当前的社会阶层固化问题并提升社会整体的公平状况;未来应致力于推动高质量教育资源的公平分配,弱化教育分成导致的阶层固化,促进高等教育扩张这一普惠性政策真正发挥提升社会公平感的作用。

Based on the data of CGSS survey,this paper uses the fuzzy regression discontinuity model and selects four subjective justice variables,including perceived comprehensive justice,perceived education justice,perceived income justice and perceived social mobility justice,in order to comprehensively investigate the impact of College Enrollment Expansion Policy on social justice.The result shows that the expansion of college enrollment significantly enlarges the access to higher education in China.The expansion of college enrollment enables many individuals to receive college education and obtain higher income than non-college graduates after graduation,which makes them have a greater positive perception of education justice and income justice.At the same time,individuals who have gone to college thanks to the expansion of college enrollment have significantly lowered their perception of justice in social mobility,which has led to a significant decrease in this group’s recognition of social justice.The results of the mechanism test show that whether the expansion of college enrollment allows the beneficiary groups to achieve upward social mobility is the key mechanism that affects the relationship between college enrollment expansion and social justice.This paper believes that the expansion of college enrollment cannot effectively solve the problem of China’s current social class solidification or improve the overall fairness of the society;we should promote the fair distribution of high-quality educational resources and weaken the class solidification caused by education divide,so that the enrollment expansion can play a greater role in enhancing social justice.