生物基可降解包装薄膜的研究进展

Research Progress in Bio-based Degradable Packaging Thin Films

本文综述了以陆地动植物、海洋动植物为原料制备的各种生物质膜的来源、用途、优缺点以及缺点的改良方法,为包装(尤其是食品软包装)行业提供理论基础。植物来源以聚乳酸(PLA)薄膜材料和卡拉胶为主,动物来源以明胶为主,总结其原料来源、膜的用途以及影响薄膜性质的自身原因,从共混改性、复合改性、交联改性、表面涂覆处理和双螺旋挤出法等方面进行阐述。上述提到的生物基薄膜均可生物降解,其制备和降解都不会污染环境,但理化性能较差,必须对其进行改性,各种改性方法均有优劣。生物质薄膜材料的改性技术仍存在不足,有待开发和完善一种不牺牲材料的生物相容性、设备简单、低成本的改性技术。

The sources,uses,advantages,disadvantages and improvement methods of various bio-based films made from land and marine animals and plants are reviewed,providing theoretical basis for packaging(especially flexible food packaging)industry.Plant sources are mainly polylactic acid(PLA)film material and carrageenan,and animal sources are mainly gelatin.The source of raw materials,the use of the film and the reasons affecting the properties of the film are summarized from the aspects of blending modification,composite modification,cross-linking modification,surface coating treatment and double helix extrusion method.As a result,the above-mentioned bio-based films can be biodegradable,and their preparation and degradation will not pollute the environment,but their physical and chemical properties are poor,so they must be modified,and the various modification methods have both advantages and disadvantages.In conclusion,there are still deficiencies in the modification technology of bio-based film materials.A modification technology with simple equipment and low cost without sacrificing the biocompatibility of materials needs to be developed and improved.