火电机组高中压转子选材的研究进展

Research Progress on Materials of High-pressure and Medium-pressure Rotors for Thermal Power Plants

为了节约资源和保护环境,传统燃煤机组面临降煤耗、提热效的重大挑战,热效率的提高依赖于机组蒸汽参数的优化和材料的更新换代。转子作为汽轮机组的核心热端部件之一,在高温高压蒸汽中服役并承受各种交变负载。随着蒸汽温度从600℃升高到700℃以上,转子选材面临更严苛的挑战——材料逐渐由传统的9~12%Cr耐热钢过渡到镍基高温合金。对于不同参数的汽轮机转子选材,各国纷纷制定了研究计划。本文论述了转子选材的注意事项以及世界各大国的研究进展,并回顾了国内汽轮机机组的发展情况;综述了国外700℃等级汽轮机高中压转子选材研究成果,为我国700℃等级汽轮机研发提供一定视角和参考。

For saving resources and protecting the environment,traditional coal-fired units are faced with the major challenges of reducing coal consumption and improving thermal efficiency.The improvement of thermal efficiency depends on the optimization of steam parameters of the units and the upgrading of materials.As one of the core hot-end components of the steam turbine,the rotor serves in high-temperature and high-pressure steam and bears various alternating loads.With steam temperature rising from 600℃to 700℃above,materials of rotors are facing a more severe challenge that materials of rotors are gradually transitioning from traditional 9—12%Cr heat-resistant steels to nickel-based superalloys.Worldwide countries have formulated research plans for rotor materials used by steam turbines with different parameters.This paper discusses the precautions for rotor material and the research progress in major countries in the world,and reviews the development of domestic steam turbines.It also reviews the foreign research results on the materials for 700℃-level high-pressure and medium-pressure rotors,which can provide a certain perspective and reference for the research and development of 700℃-level steam turbines in our country.