中、美、日城市综合防灾规划模式比较研究

Comparative Study on Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Planning Models in China,the United States and Japan

随着中国《城市综合防灾规划标准》(GB/T 51327-2018)编制完成,标志着我国地方综合防灾减灾规划拥有了法定的编制依据和编制内容框架。然而,《标准》发布后,其践行效果并不理想。为帮助我国防灾减灾工作顺利推进,建议深入了解国内外先进经验,将中、美、日三国的防灾减灾规划模式进行比较,分别从法规体系、规划内容以及防灾策略三个层面展开分析。最终从制定综合防灾法、重视规划前的风险评估以及加强防灾策略的可操作性3个层面提出建议与思考。

A few days ago,China’s“Comprehensive Urban Disaster Prevention Planning Standards”(GB/T51327-2018)was completed,marking that China’s local comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation plans have a legal basis and content framework.However,after the“Standards”were published,their The practice effect is not ideal.In order to help our national defense disaster mitigation work progress smoothly,it is recommended to deeply understand the advanced experience at home and abroad,compare the disaster prevention and mitigation planning models of China,the United States,and Japan,and start from the three levels of legal system,planning content,and disaster prevention strategy analysis.In the end,it draws lessons and thinking from the three levels of formulating a comprehensive disaster prevention law,emphasizing risk assessment before planning,and strengthening the operability of disaster prevention strategies.