经济、文化史视野下中国传统建筑文化概论的教学思考

Teaching thinking on the introduction of Chinese traditional architectural culture from the perspective of economic and cultural history

本文从"传统建筑文化概论"课程多年教学经验和教学成果出发,探讨了教学中如何围绕建筑文化这一主题,把中国古代建筑空间观念的历时性变迁,以及建筑、城市形制的发展动因,放在经济与文化史视野中去分析和考察,去解读和探讨。同时,把中国建筑的几大典型类型,同样放在历时性过程中去分析和体认。无论建筑空间观念还是城市形制,在课程中始终围绕共时性原则,与同期西方建筑与城市发展作相应对比,并力求建构中西建筑史、城市史的整体时空框架。教学中始终启发学生积极思考,并引导学生在思考建筑与城市起源过程中深刻理解建筑学的一些基本问题,课程以传统启发当代,在引入对当代建筑的分析与批评之后,以信息时代建筑的设计可能引导学生思考当下面临的设计问题。该课程注重发展动因,注重经济、文化等影响因素,引入人类学、类型学、历史学等多种研究方法,并把建筑与城市发展作为同时性考察对象,不失为一次跨文化、跨时空、跨学科的积极教学探索。

This article starts from many years of teaching experience and teaching results of"introduction to traditional architecture culture"course to discuss how to analyze and investigate,interpret and discuss the diachronic change of space concept of ancient Chinese architecture and the development motivation of architecture and urban form from the perspective of economic and cultural history around the theme of architectural culture in teaching.At the same time,several typical types of Chinese architecture are also analyzed and recognized in the diachronic process.No matter the concept of architectural space or urban form,the course always focuses on the principle of synchronicity,and makes a corresponding comparison with the development of western architecture and cities at the same time,and tries to construct the overall space-time framework of the history of Chinese and western architecture and cities.The teaching always inspires students to think positively and guides them to deeply understand some basic problems of architecture in the process of thinking about architecture and the origin of city.The course inspires the contemporary with tradition,and after introducing the analysis and criticism of contemporary architecture,the design of architecture in the information age may lead students to think about the current design problems.This course focuses on development motivation,economic and cultural factors,introduces anthropology,typology,history and other research methods,takes architecture and urban development as the objects of simultaneous investigation,it can be regarded as an active teaching exploration of cross culture,cross time and space,cross discipline.