非认知能力对非正规就业者工资收入的影响

The Impact of Non-cognitive Skills on Wages of Informal Workers

非正规就业者是不具有正式劳动关系或缺乏社会保障的就业者,也是经济脆弱者,提高非正规就业者的工资收入对于实现共同富裕目标至关重要。基于新人力资本理论,文章将“软技能”非认知能力引入非正规就业者工资收入的研究中,采用大五人格模型构建非认知能力指标,并利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018年的城镇数据,实证研究了非认知能力对非正规就业者工资收入的影响效应及作用机制。研究结果表明,非认知能力对非正规就业者的工资收入具有显著正向影响,且该结论在考虑内生性问题以及稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验表明,非认知能力主要通过提升健康状况、降低过度教育概率和增加社会资本三个渠道提升非正规就业者的工资收入。进一步分析表明,非认知能力对非正规就业者工资收入的影响存在“马太效应”。此外,非认知能力对白领非正规就业者工资收入的影响更大。不同维度的非认知能力中,开放性和情绪稳定性对非正规就业者工资收入的影响更为重要。文章的研究为进一步提升非正规就业者工资收入提供了新的思路,对新经济背景下中国实现共同富裕也有一定启示。

Expanding the scale of middle-income groups is not only the basic path for China to achieve common prosperity in the new era,but also an important support point to cross the“middle-income trap”.Informal workers are those who do not have formal labor relations or lack social security.They are an important source of newly increased middle-income groups,and are also economically vulnerable workers.Thus,improving the wages of informal workers is of great significance for China to achieve common prosperity.As an important determinant of wages,human capital has always been the focus of labor economists.However,most of the previous researches have mainly focused on the traditional human capital elements such as education while neglecting the evidence of non-cognitive skills,which is emphasized by the new human capital theory.Based on the urban data of China Family Panel Survey(CFPS)in 2018,this paper introduces non-cognitive skills into the study of the wages of informal workers,and empirically examines the impact of non-cognitive skills on the wages of informal workers and its mechanism using the Big-Five personality model to construct the index of non-cognitive skills.The results show that non-cognitive skills have a significant positive impact on the wages of informal workers,and the conclusion is still valid after considering the endogeneity and a series of robustness tests.The mechanism test shows that non-cognitive skills mainly affect the wages of informal workers by improving health,reducing the probability of overeducation and increasing social capital.Further analysis shows that the impact of non-cognitive skills on the wages of informal workers has a“Matthew effect”.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis shows that non-cognitive skills have a greater impact on the wages of white-collar informal workers,and among the different dimensions of non-cognitive skills,openness and emotional stability have a more important impact on the wages of informal workers.The marginal contributions of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:First,different from the research of the wage effect of human capital in the existing literature that mostly focuses on the traditional field of human capital,this paper extends the research field to the new human capital,and studies the impact of non-cognitive skills on wages from the theoretical and empirical levels.Second,this paper selects Chinese informal workers for analysis,which makes up for the deficiency of onefold research object in the existing literature.Third,in terms of mechanism,this paper puts forward the health effect and the occupation matching effect,which supplements the related research.Fourth,the data of CFPS in 2018 with the newly increased survey module of non-cognitive skills being used,the index of non-cognitive skills measured in this paper has less error and higher data quality compared with the existing literature.