中国共产党工业化思想的战略逻辑——以社会主义革命与建设时期毛泽东论述为中心

The Strategic Logic of Industrialization Thoughts of the Communist Party of China:Focusing on Mao Zedong’s Works during the Period of Socialist Revolution and Construction

在社会主义革命与建设时期,针对我国国情并且借鉴列宁和斯大林的工业化思想以及苏联工业化经验,毛泽东提出以"三个并举"为主要内容的工业化思想体系。基于首重安全和兼顾发展的战略逻辑,我国选择了重工业优先发展战略。凭借这一战略,我国到改革开放前建立了独立和比较完整的工业体系,但在工业化过程中存在效率偏低和结构失衡等问题。这种战略逻辑分析有助于理解党和国家领导集体工业化思想的核心要义,有助于把握将农业国转变为工业国的战略方向,有助于说明为什么要对学术界关于工业化战略的一些评论进行历史唯物主义再评论,有助于理解习近平"两个不能否定"的科学论断和从历史中汲取前进的智慧与力量。

From 1949 to 1978,or the period of socialist revolution and construction,the Communist Party of China’s first generation of collective leadership formed a unique industrialization thought system.Through the related policy,the industrialization thought system had a profound impact on the industrialization practice,and before the reform and opening up an independent and relatively complete industrial system had been established.Their industrialization thought is embodied mainly in the strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry,and the strategy is the main body of China’s grand strategy.During the above period,the strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry played an important role in promoting the development of productivity.At that time,we must carry out the ownership revolution to create conditions for socialist industrialization,and the revolution was completed in the middle and late1950 s.On the other hand,we must carry out a revolution in production technology to consolidate the foundation of science and technology and the productivity.At that time,under the special international political and economic environment,in their point of view,security is more important than development to a certain extent,so they adopted the strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry,and the strategy is based on Mao Zedong’s thought of"three simultaneous developments",which is the main content of his economic strategic thought.The thought of"three simultaneous developments"refers to the industrial development thought of simultaneous development of agriculture,light and heavy,the regional development thought of simultaneous development of coastal and inland areas,and the powerful country development thought of simultaneous development of economy and national defense.Although the strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry has realized security objectives through developing industrial structure and scale,it has not achieved the efficient economic results which are comparable to the market economy.Some economists made negative comments on this development strategy mainly on this ground.Such an evaluation is only valid in the sense of economics.This also suggests that once the conditions are ripe,China will carry out reform and opening up.However,from a strategic perspective,this evaluation is one-sided,because it takes no account of the most urgent security objectives of that era.And,in the present and future process of new industrialization,we still need to make strategic trade-offs between security and development to meet the requirements of the times.