新能源汽车异质性需求的创新激励效应及作用机制——“政府采购”“商业运营”与“私人乘用”需求比较的视角

The Effect and Mechanism of Innovation Incentives of NEV Heterogeneous Demands:By Comparing the Market Demands of “Government Procurement”“Commercial Operation” and “Private Purchase”

市场需求对于促进新能源汽车产业的创新发展至关重要,中国新能源汽车市场需求主要包括"政府采购""商业运营"和"私人乘用"三类。文章基于2007-2019年中国新能源汽车板块上市公司的面板数据,运用倾向得分匹配法分析了三类市场需求对于新能源车企技术创新的激励效应及作用机制。分析结果表明:(1)三类需求对车企的技术创新均存在激励作用,但其激励效果存在时滞性与差异性,不同阶段由不同的市场需求发挥创新激励主导作用。(2)新能源汽车市场需求主要通过集聚效应与竞争效应机制影响新能源汽车市场竞争与配套基础设施建设,进而影响车企的技术创新。(3)政商关联会通过影响竞争效应和集聚效应来调节新能源汽车市场需求的激励效应,且不同的政商关联程度对需求创新激励机制的影响也存在差异。文章的研究在统筹协调三类需求、发挥好需求创新激励的竞争效应与集聚效应、实现市场主导与政府调控的有机结合等方面有着重要的政策启示意义。

It is of great strategic significance for the NEV industry to stimulate technological innovation according to market demands.China’s NEV market demand is mainly composed of"government procurement""commercial operation"and"private purchase".The demand formed by the government and other organs due to official affairs is the"government procurement",characterized by directional,batch purchase and small demand scale.The demand formed by market entities due to commercial operation is the"commercial operation",characterized by bulk purchase and large demand scale.The demand formed by individual consumers for daily use is the"private purchase",characterized by single purchase and constant updating of demand.In order to explore how to effectively foster the demands for"government procurement""commercial operation"and"private purchase",this study applies the PSM method to analyze the incentive effect and mechanism of the"government procurement""commercial operation"and"private purchase"markets on NEV companies’technological innovation,as well as introduces the business-government relationship to reflect the influence of policy resource allocation on the innovation incentive effect of NEV market demands.The results show that:NEV market demands have an incentive effect on technological innovation,among which the demand of"government procurement"is larger than the other two demands;the incentive effect of the three demands is characterized by phased alternation.The innovation incentive mechanism of NEV market demands is as follows:The market demands of"government procurement"and"commercial operation"mainly promote the technological innovation level of NEV companies through the competitive effect,and the three demands,especially the demand of"private purchase",mainly promote the technological innovation level of NEV companies through the agglomeration effect.Reasonable government-business relationship can effectively promote the innovation incentive effect of NEV market demands,but the regulatory effect of different government-business relationship is also different according to the innovation incentive mechanism of NEV market demands:A higher relationship promotes the agglomeration effect,but inhibits the competitive effect of NEV market demands,especially the demands of"government procurement"and"commercial operation";a lower relationship promotes the competitive effect of NEV market demands.Based on the above results,this study puts forward the following policy suggestions:Coordinate the demands of"government procurement""commercial operation"and"private purchase",give full play to the competitive and agglomeration effects of innovation incentives in NEV market demands,and realize the organic combination of market dominance and government regulation.