地方产业政策与行业创新发展——来自新能源汽车产业政策文本的经验证据

Local Industrial Policies and Industry Innovation and Development:Empirical Evidence from the New Energy Automobile Industry Policy Text

新能源汽车是地方政府实现绿色转型的重要抓手,文章基于我国产业政策存在"中央产业政策-地方产业政策"的现实,着重考察了地方不同类别产业政策对行业创新的作用。文章手工收集整理了中国省级层面新能源汽车产业政策文本数据,利用政策用词识别、量化政策类型和政策效力,实证考察了地方产业政策对新能源汽车行业创新发展的影响。特别地,文章检验了供给型、需求型和环境型产业政策的差异影响,并对会加强或削弱地方产业政策效果的因素进行了深入分析。研究发现,就全国整体而言,地方产业政策能够有效激励新能源汽车行业创新发展。与供给型、需求型政策相比,以目标规划、金融支持、法规规范和产权保护等为代表的环境型政策更为有效。考虑变量衡量误差和内生性等问题后,研究结论依然成立。此外,文章还发现中央和地方官员更替对产业政策效果并无显著影响。与政府补贴、税收优惠相比,地方产业政策主要通过强化市场竞争和降低企业融资约束而达成促进行业创新的目的。文章的研究在丰富了产业政策研究文献的同时,也为中国制定和实施产业政策提供了新的思路。

As an important starting point for promoting green transformation and development,the new energy automobile industry is essential to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode.In this regard,General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that"we must increase research and development,carefully study the market,and make good use of policies"during his inspection tour in Shanghai.However,how to"make good use of policies"is an urgent and important problem facing policy-makers and scholars.To this end,based on the information on the official websites of the People’s Government,Department of Finance,Development and Reform Commission,Economic(Industry)and Information Technology Commission of various provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions,this article uses keywords such as"new energy vehicles""electric vehicles"and"automotives"to screen the policy text,and finally obtains 2289 new energy automobile industry policy text data at 31 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions in China,to match the obtained data with the Chinese patent database.Furthermore,according to the semantics of the policy text,this article divides relevant industrial policies into three categories:demand-based policies,supplybased policies,and environment-based policies.On the basis of constructing regional policy effectiveness indicators,demand-based policy effectiveness indicators,supply-based policy effectiveness indicators,and environment-based policy effectiveness indicators,we empirically test the impact of local industrial policies on the innovation and development of the new energy automobile industry.The results of this paper show that:(1)New energy automobile industry policies can effectively stimulate the innovation and development of the industry.After considering issues such as endogeneity,adjustment policy sample time,policy division criteria,traditional automobile industry development,and regional industrial policy competition,the corresponding research conclusions are still valid.(2)Compared with supply-based and demand-based policy tools,environment-based policies are more conducive to promoting the development of the new energy automobile industry.(3)Mechanism analysis shows that,compared with government subsidies and tax incentives,local industrial policies mainly promote industry innovation by strengthening market competition and reducing corporate financing constraints,thereby boosting the development of the new energy automobile industry.This article not only enriches the relevant research on China’s industrial policies and affirms the importance of local governments’guiding behavior for industrial development,but also provides empirical evidence for the formulation and implementation of local industrial policies,and the research conclusions respond to a certain extent to the guiding theory of"giving provincial governments and below more autonomy"pointed out in the Report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.