1995~2015年中国乡村土地利用功能转型特征与耦合协调演变分析

Spatial-temporal Characteristics,Coordination Status and Evolution of the Rural Land Use Functions Transition in China from 1995 to 2015

土地是支撑乡村发展的资源载体,以乡村可持续发展为导向的土地利用功能转型是实现乡村土地资源可持续利用的必然要求。利用1995~2015年全国农村固定观察点调查数据定量分析了中国及东中西乡村土地利用功能转型与耦合协调演变特征,并讨论了我国乡村可持续发展的路径。结果显示:时间上,1995~2015年全国乡村土地利用社会与生态功能降低,其中社会功能缘于空间承载和就业支撑的持续弱化,生态功能缘于环境净化功能持续弱化;空间上,东中西的经济、社会和生态功能呈现明显的空间优弱势差异,具体指东部的就业支撑、环境净化,中部的经济产出、空间承载和西部的食物供给等相较其他地域空间同一功能呈现相对弱势;经济与社会、经济与生态功能转型呈现权衡关系,子功能两组(即“食物供给、经济产出、民生保障和生态维持”功能组与“空间承载、就业支撑和环境净化”功能组)呈现组内协同、组间权衡关系;目前,乡村土地利用经济、社会和生态功能之间耦合协调度主要处在初级协调阶段,整体上向更高耦合协调程度递进式演化。可通过采用多功能协同转型提升模式,具体可选择动力内生型、环境友好型等路径全面发展中国乡村。

Land is the resource carrier supporting rural development.The transformation of land use function oriented by sustainable rural development is the necessary requirement to realize sustainable rural land resources utilization.The process of rural development is closely linked to the transformation of land use functions.Based on the survey data of fixed observation points in rural areas of China from 1995 to 2015,this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and spatial differences of rural land use function transformation in China,and eastern,middle,and western region of China,and discussed the path of sustainable rural development harmonized in China in the future.The results showed that:In terms of time,the social and ecological functions of rural land use decreased from 1995 to 2015,in which the social function was due to the continuous weakening of spatial carrying capacity and employment support,and the environmental function was due to the continuous weakening of environmental purification function.Spatially,the economic,social,and ecological functions of rural land use in eastern and western show obvious spatial differences of advantages and disadvantages.Specifically,employment support and environmental purification in eastern of China,economic output and spatial carrying capacity in central and food supply in western are relatively weak compared with the same spatial functions in other regions.There is a trade-off between economic and social functions,and between economic and ecological functions.There is an intra-group coordination and inter-group trade-off between the two secondary function groups(food supply,economic output,livelihood security and ecological maintenance)and(spatial carrying capacity,employment support and environmental purification).At present,the coupling coordination degree between economic,social and ecological functions of rural land use is mainly in the primary coordination stage and presents a progressive change law from low level to high level coupling.By adopting the multi-functional coordinated transformation and upgrading mode,we can choose the paths of endogenous power and environmental friendliness to comprehensively develop China’s rural areas.Rural regions may be comprehensively developed by selecting multi-functional coordinated transformation and upgrading modes such as endogenous dynamic and environment-friendly.