页岩气开发对乌江沿岸景观与生态格局的影响研究

Impacts of Shale Gas Development on Landscape and Ecological Pattern Along Wujiang River,Chongqing

景观生态格局是区域生态安全和可持续发展的基础。以乌江沿岸页岩气开发区为例,基于2010、2020年两期遥感影像、页岩气开发规模等相关数据,应用移动窗口获取景观格局指数,计算景观生态风险指数;构建生态网络,探究页岩气开发对区域景观格局的直接影响和生态格局的间接影响。结果表明:(1)2010~2020年,乌江沿岸页岩气开发区内林地、耕地分别减少了约52.78、43.78 km^(2),建设用地增加92.04 km^(2),草地和水域用地基本保持不变。页岩气矿区内景观聚集指数、最大斑块指数降低,降幅分别为9.38%~30.61%、14.36%~57.69%;斑块密度、分离度指数上升,增幅分别25.29%~55.39%、2.57%~5.11%,景观生态风险指数增幅0.20%~0.52%。(2)井场、管线、道路等基础设施建设带来的土地损毁,影响周边景观生态。其中道路沿线斑块密度指数、景观生态风险指数增幅最大,分别为50.95%~54.28%、0.59%~0.62%,对生态环境影响明显。(3)10年间,乌江沿岸生态源地面积减少250 km^(2),生态节点增加10个、廊道长度增加55 km,生物流运行阻碍增强,不稳定性因素增加。页岩气开发加剧了乌江沿岸地表扰动,并形成累积效应,随井场规模增加,景观、生态格局响应明显。研究对深入认识区域页岩气开发的景观、生态格局影响,开展针对性地生态保护与修复提供一定参考。

Landscape ecological pattern is the foundation of regional ecological security and sustainable development.The article takes the shale gas development zone along Wujiang River as an example.Based on data of remote sensing images and shale gas development scale in 2010 and 2020,the mobile window is used to obtain the landscape pattern index,calculate the landscape ecological risk index,and build an ecological network.Explore the direct impact of shale gas development on the regional landscape pattern and the indirect impact of the ecological pattern.The results show that:(1)The forest,cultivated land in the shale gas development zone along Wujiang River have decreased by 52.78 km^(2),43.78 km^(2)respectively,the construction land grew by 92.04 km^(2).and the grassland and water land remained unchanged.The landscape aggregation index and the largest patch index in the shale gas mining area fell by 9.36%-30.61%and 14.36%-57.69%respectively.The patch density and separation index rise by 25.29%-55.39%and 2.57%-5.11%respectively.The landscape ecological risk index went up by 0.2%-0.52%,from 2010 to 2020.(2)The land damage caused by infrastructure construction such as well sites,pipelines and roads affect the surrounding landscape ecology.Among them,the patch density index and landscape ecological risk index along the road have the largest increase of 50.95%-54.28%,0.59%-0.62%,the impact on the ecological environment is obvious.(3)In the past decade,the area of ecological sources along Wujiang River has reduced by 250 km^(2),the number of ecological nodes has risen by 10,the length of corridors has increased by 55 km.The obstacles of biological flows,and the instability factors have increased.Shale gas development has enhanced the surface disturbance along Wujiang River with a cumulative effect.As the scale of the well site expands,the landscape and ecological pattern respond significantly.The research provides a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the impact of regional shale gas development on the landscape and ecological pattern,and the development of targeted ecological protection and restoration.