长江中游低山丘陵区乡村聚落植物群落调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Plant Community of Rural Settlements in Hilly Region of Middle Reaches of Yangtze River

2021年3~11月对长江中游低山丘陵区(宜都市)乡村聚落植物进行深入调查,共鉴定出植物171种69科147属,采用植物区系和频度指数分析该地区植物群落组成特征;针对乡村聚落不同生境类型分别进行调查,分析归纳出12种配置模式。结果表明:科级区系分布以热带分布为主,其中泛热带分布共35科,占总科数20.7%;属的分布区类型以泛热带和北温带分布为主,分别为29属和28属,占该地区总属数的19.7%和19%;科、属的区系组成具有热带向温带过渡的性质;优势科为菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科;出现频度较高的乡土树种依次为复羽叶栾树、构树、枫香树等。在此基础上,针对该地区生态环境建设中乡村聚落植物树种选择与群落构建,从物种保护、生境维护、生态修复等方面提出合理化建议,为长江中游低山丘陵区乡村生态环境整治工作提供借鉴。

From March to November in 2021,a deep research focuses on the rural settlement plant was carried on in the low mountain and hilly area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(Yidu City).The research identified 171 species,69 families and 147 genera of plants in total.The characteristics of plant community composition in this area were analyzed by flora and frequency index;the research also analyzed and summarized 12 allocation modes based on the investigation of different habitat types in rural settlements.The result shows that the family level flora is mainly distributed in the tropics,of which 35 families are distributed in the pantropic,accounting for 20.7%of the total families;The distribution areas of genus are mainly pantropic(29 genera)and north temperate(28 genera),accounting for 19.7%and 19%of the total genera in this area;The floristic composition of families and genera has the nature of transition from tropical zone to temperate zone;The composite family,Compositae,Rosaceae and Gramineae are the dominant families;The frequently appeared local tree species are Koelreuteria bipinnata,Broussonetia papyrifera,Liquidambar formosana and so on.On the basis of the above research,reasonable suggestions aiming at the selection of plant species and community construction of rural settlements are putting forward from the aspects of species protection,habitat maintenance and ecological restoration for the ecological environment construction in this area.The suggestion also provides reference for the improvement of rural ecological environment in low mountain and hilly areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.