农业全要素生产率与农业优先发展

Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and Preferential Development of Agriculture

提高农业全要素生产率是补齐农业现代化"短板"、实现农业优先发展的根本出路。由农村劳动力质量的提升和利益驱动下农民自觉的技术购买和使用所带来的技术进步,是农业全要素生产率提高的重要源泉,但技术无效率的扩大却减缓了全要素生产率的增速,这主要是由农业生产资源配置效率降低引起的。其中,农村劳动力流动的单向性是导致我国农业生产资源配置恶化的关键因素。因此,要提高农业全要素生产率实现农业优先发展必须从"人的因素"开始着力,这需要以教育变革为抓手提高农业人力资本水平,以农产品价格体制改革为先导、以土地制度创新为依托扩大农民收益空间,进而激发农业发展的内生动力。

Improving the total factor productivity of agriculture is the fundamental way to make up the weak links of agricultural modernization and realize the preferential development of agriculture.The vital source of growth of agricultural total factor productivity is technological progress which brought by the improvement of rural labor quality and farmers’conscious technology purchase and use driven by interests.However,the expansion of technological inefficiency has slowed down the speed of growth in total factor productivity,which is mainly caused by the reduction or even deterioration of the efficiency of agricultural production resources allocation.Among them,the unidirectional flow of rural labor is the key factor leading to the deterioration of agricultural production resources allocation in China.Therefore,in order to improve the total factor productivity of agriculture and realize the preferential development of agriculture,we must start from"human element",which requires to improve the level of agricultural human capital with education reform as the starting point,agricultural product price system reform as the guide,land system innovation as the basis to expend the income space of farmers,and stimulate the endogenous power of agricultural development.