隧道洞内超短导线边测量方法及工程应用

Tunnel interior super-short wire side measurement method and engineering application

隧道施工中,由于多种因素,不可避免地会遇到短边导线的问题。在固定的仪器、人员及观测误差下,导线长度越短,方位传递的误差就会越大。这导致在长距离引导隧道挖掘过程中存在较大的技术风险,有时甚至可能导致对接不准确以至于形成“穿袖”现象,造成巨大经济损失。这一问题在隧道工程测量中较为常见,且尚未找到有效的解决办法。本文通过研究CZ铁路YG隧道、西成铁路甘青隧道等多个特长隧道的案例,并通过大量实践找到如何通过技术和设备上的创新方法来精确传递短边方位。本文提出了一种创新方法,仅使用2个棱镜即可有效进行短边方位的传递,成功实现了20~40 m短边方位一次传递精度达1″级精度,为山区隧道的短边方位测量提供了一种简易而有效的解决方案。

In tunnel construction,it is inevitable to encounter issues with short-side surveying due to a variety of factors.Under fixed conditions of equipment,personnel,and observation errors,the shorter the surveying line,the greater the error in azimuth transmission.This can pose significant technical risks during long-distance guidance of tunnel excavation,potentially leading to inaccurate alignment and the formation of“sleeve-like”errors,which can result in substantial economic losses.This problem is quite common in tunnel engineering surveying and has yet to find an effective solution.This paper investigates cases of long-distance tunnels,such as the CZ Railway YG Tunnel and the Ganqing Tunnel of the Xicheng Railway,and through extensive practice,identifies innovative methods for accurately transmitting azimuths on short sides using existing technology and equipment.The study proposes a novel approach that effectively transfers azimuths on short sides using only two prisms,Successfully achieved a one-time transfer accuracy of 1″for short sides ranging from 20 to 40 meters in azimuth.This provides a simple and effective solution for short-side azimuth measurement in mountainous tunnels,which can be referred to and utilized by industry professionals.