困难条件下山区长大隧道洞口控制网测量技术创新与应用

Innovation and application of control network measurement technology at the entrance of long and large mountain tunnels under challenging conditions

针对山区隧道洞口存在通视短边GNSS测量精度无法保证的问题,本文围绕天陇铁路和衢丽铁路长隧道的困难环境,探讨了如何创新地结合GNSS长距离测量的精度优势和全站仪短距离测量的优势,以解决建立高精度控制网的难题。本创新技术克服了山体树木遮挡、隧道洞口GNSS观测条件不佳且通视边较短等不利条件,提出了控制点选埋、观测、数据处理、成果精度评定等创新方法,最终实现了60~100 m控制点边长方位精度远超传统测量方法能达到的精度,为山区隧道工程测量提供了一种既能克服自然条件不利因素影响限制,又能达到高标准测量精度的有效方法。

This study addresses the issue of inadequate precision in GNSS measurements due to limited line of sight at the entrance of mountain tunnels.Focusing on the challenging environments of the Tianlong Railway and Quli Railway long tunnels,we explore the innovative combination of the long-distance measurement advantages of GNSS and the short-distance measurement advantages of total stations to overcome the difficulty of establishing a high-precision control network.This innovative approach overcomes challenges such as obstructing mountain vegetation,poor GNSS observation conditions at tunnel entrances,and short line of sight.We propose novel methods for selecting,burying,measuring,calculating,and evaluating the accuracy of control points.Ultimately,the technology achieves a level of azimuth precision for control points ranging from 60 to 100 meters that significantly exceeds traditional methods,offering an effective solution for mountain tunnel surveying to achieve high standards of accuracy while overcoming natural constraints.