黄河三角洲地面沉降现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of land subsidence status and influencing factors in Yellow River Delta

针对黄河三角洲地区的地面沉降问题,该文利用小基线干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR)和永久散射体测量技术(PS-InSAR)对覆盖黄河三角洲区域的114景Sentinel-1A数据进行时序干涉处理,获取2017年11月—2022年2月黄河三角洲区域地面沉降信息,并对两种方法的形变监测结果进行对比分析,交叉验证两种结果的可靠性。通过结合重力反演与气候实验(GRACE-FO)卫星动态监测地下水变化,探究地下水储量对黄河三角洲地面沉降的影响。结果表明:黄河三角洲的沉降区域分布极不均匀,多分布于地下卤水开采区和石油抽采区,最大沉降中心位于羊口镇。通过分析地下水储量变化、月平均降水量与黄河三角洲地面沉降的相关性可知,地下水储量变化对黄河三角洲地面沉降的影响较大。总体而言,地下淡、卤水以及石油等地下流体过度开采而未及时补偿是造成黄河三角洲区域沉降的主要原因。

Aiming at the land subsidence problem in the Yellow River Delta region,in this paper,the small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar(SBAS-InSAR)technology and persistent scatters interferometric synthetic aperture radar(PS-InSAR)technology were used to perform temporal interference processing on the 114 Sentinel-1A data covering the Yellow River Delta region to obtain the land subsidence information in the Yellow River Delta region from November 2017 to February 2022.The deformation monitoring results of the two methods were compared and analyzed,and the reliability of the two results was cross-verified.The influence of groundwater reserves on land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta was explored by combining the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-Follow On(GRACE-FO)satellite to dynamically monitor groundwater changes.The results showed that the settlement area of the Yellow River Delta was very uneven,mostly distributed in the underground brine mining area and oil extraction area,and the largest settlement center was located in Yangkou town.By analyzing the correlation between groundwater storage change,monthly average precipitation and land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta,it could be seen that groundwater storage change had a great impact on land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta.In general,the overexploitation of underground fluids such as fresh water,brine and oil without compensation was the main reason for the settlement of the Yellow River Delta region.