2020年珠峰三角高程测量数据处理与结果分析

2020 Mount Everest triangle elevation survey data processing and result analysis

为了精确获得珠穆朗玛峰(珠峰)高程,我国于2020年采用全球导航卫星系统测量与常规三角高程测量手段再次对珠峰开展了精密高程测量。该文根据2020年珠峰高程测量数据,分析了珠峰三角高程测量数据处理方法、影响测高成果与精度的主要因素及其削弱措施,尤其是详细分析了珠峰三角高程测量中大气垂直折光系数的变化规律、计算方法,折光系数与垂线偏差误差对大地高差的影响,并对2020年珠峰三角高程测量数据进行了科学严密的处理,获得了珠峰(雪面)内符合精度为±0.042 m,与GNSS计算的珠峰大地高的差异为-0.026 m的高精度大地高成果。研究表明,影响大地高差精度的重要因素是大气折光系数误差与垂线偏差误差的影响,采用三角高程测量方法进行珠峰高程测量时,利用精密仪器实施多测回精密测量,数据处理中充分顾及影响测高成果与精度的主要因素及其变化特征,同样可以获得优于5 cm精度的珠峰高程成果。

In order to accurately obtain the elevation of Mount Qomolangma(Mount Everest),my country used global navigation satellite system measurement and conventional triangular elevation measurement to carry out precision elevation measurement of Mount Everest again in 2020.Based on the 2020 Mount Everest elevation measurement data,this paper analyzed the processing method of the Mount Everest delta elevation measurement data,the main factors affecting the results and accuracy of the altimetry and its weakening measures,especially the detailed analysis of the vertical refraction of the atmosphere in the Mount Everest delta elevation.The change rule of the coefficient,the calculation method,the influence of the refractive index and the vertical deviation error on the terrestrial height difference,and scientific and rigorous processing of the 2020 Mount Everest delta elevation measurement data,and obtained the coincidence accuracy within the Mount Everest(snow surface).It was±0.042 m,and the difference from the geodetic height of Mount Everest calculated by GNSS was-0.026 m.The research showed that the important factor affecting the accuracy of the geodetic height difference was the influence of the atmospheric refractive index error and the vertical line deviation error.When the triangular elevation measurement method was used to measure the elevation of Mount Everest,the use of precision instruments to implement multi-measurement precision measurement,the data processing was fully Taking into account the main factors and their variation characteristics that affected the altimetry results and accuracy,the Mount Everest elevation results with an accuracy better than 5 cm could also be obtained.