当前危化品安全事故防控困境及对策研究——基于2013~2018年部分危化品安全事故的统计分析

Research on the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Accident Prevention and Control of Hazardous Chemicals

近年来随着国家经济建设的快速发展,作为化工生产的原料、中间体及产品的危化品种类不断增多,加强危化品安全事故防控对于城市整体的安全有序运行至关重要。基于2013~2018年部分重大以上级别危化品事故的统计分析,危化品安全事故类型主要包括泄漏、燃烧(爆)和交通事故三类;根据危化品事故发生的机理,围绕致灾因子、灾害源、承灾体三大要素,从立法立规、体制机制、日常管控、应急救援等方面提出危化品安全事故防控的对策,对于减少事故发生、降低危害性后果具有较强的实践指导价值。

In recent years,with the rapid development of the country’s economic construction,the number of hazardous chemicals used as raw materials,intermediates and products for chemical production has also increased.It is essential for the safe and orderly operation of the city in general to strengthen the control of the safety risks of hazardous chemicals.By statistically analyzing some major accidents of hazardous chemicals in Shanghai over the period of 2013-2018,the types of hazardous chemicals accidents mainly include leakage,combustion(explosion)and traffic accidents.In light of the occurance mechanism of hazardous chemicals accidents,the control of the safety risks of hazardous chemicals needs to focus on the three major elements of hazardous factors,disaster sources,hazardous body.From the perspectives of legislation,system and mechanism,routine management and control,emergency rescue and aid,this paper presents measures forhazardous chemicals accidents prevention and control,which will yield practical reference for the reduction of accident occurrence and disastrous consequences.