生态批评视阈下的歌德文学作品解读——以《少年维特的烦恼》和《浮士德》为例

Interpretation of Goethe’s Literary Works from the Perspective of Ecocriticism——A Case Study of The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust

《少年维特的烦恼》和《浮士德》分别是歌德在狂飙突进运动时期和古典主义时期的著名作品。从生态批评的视角对这两部作品进行分析发现,青年时代的歌德秉承生态整体主义自然观,强调融入自然,与自然和谐相处,主张将人类的伦理范畴扩展到自然界;而中老年时期的歌德则更加注重人的价值,提倡利用和改造自然,具有人类中心主义的倾向。歌德一生的自然观是发展变化、相互矛盾的。文章提倡吸收经典文学中有益自然发展的成分,摒弃破坏自然的反生态成分,促成人类思想文化的绿色变革。

The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust are famous works written by?Goethe during Sturm und Drang and?the period of Classicism respectively.From the perspective of ecocriticism,it is found that Goethe in his youth adhered to the ecological holistic view of nature,emphasized human’s integration into nature?and?harmonious coexistence with the nature,and proposed the extension of human ethical scope to nature.In?middle?and old age,Goethe paid more attention to human values,advocating?the use and transformation of nature,with?a tendency of anthropocentrism.Goethe’s views?of nature throughout his life are?evolving?and contradictory.This article intends to promote?the green revolution of human ideology?and culture by advocating the?absorption of the elements beneficial to the development of nature from?classical literature,and by the removal of the anti-ecological elements damaging nature.