《诗经·陈风》体现巫文化原因考述

On the Reason of Sorcery Culture Embodied in Chen Feng(陈风)of The Book of Songs

春秋时期的中原为儒家文化圣地,深受儒家“不语怪力乱神”思想及周代礼制文化的影响。而同时期的南方楚地则盛行巫文化,南北文化形成鲜明对比。《诗经》是孕育于中原的儒家文化经典,但《诗经·陈风》却蕴含着浓厚的南方巫文化。其原因主要是陈国人为笃信巫鬼的东夷族后裔,陈国紧邻“隆祭祀,重巫鬼”的楚国,以及殷商有巫文化传统等。同时,东周以来,祭祀圣地转化为男女聚集游观的场所也是陈国巫风盛行的原因之一。

The Central Plains in the Spring and Autumn period was a far-reaching holy land of Chinese Confucian culture,it was deeply influenced by the Confucian thought of“staying away from ghosts and gods”and the ritual culture of the Zhou Dynasty.At the same time,the sorcery culture prevailed in State Chu(楚国)which located in the southern region,thus forming a sharp contrast between the Northern and Southern cultures.The Book of Songs is a Confucian cultural classic born in central China,while Chen Feng of The Book of Songs contains a strong sorcery culture of the South.The main reason is that the Chen(陈)people are descendants of the Eastern Yi(夷)people who believe in ghosts and wizards.Additionally,Chen is close to the Chu,where the worship of sorcery ghosts was practiced,and there is tradition of sorcery culture during the Yin and Shang Dynasties.Meanwhile,since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,the worship shrine has been transformed into a place for men and women to gather for sightseeing,which is also one of the reasons for the unprecedented prevalence of witchcraft in Chen.