城市社区软法之治——以上海市Y居民区《住户守则》为例

Rule of Soft Law in Urban Community:Take The Residential Code of Y Residential Areas in Shanghai As an Example

推进社会治理法治化是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的关键一环。城市社区是社会治理的基层单元,其运作有一套完整的规则体系,既包括国家立法机关制定并由国家强制力保障实施的硬法,也包括在社会生活中自发形成的发挥柔性约束作用的软法。作为社会治理基础性规范的城市社区软法,其价值定位在国家层面体现为发展民主政治,在社会层面体现为整合社会秩序,在个人层面体现为调解居民纠纷。城市社区软法之治的发育基础为公民公共精神崛起,社会基础为法治社会建设,效力基础为集体认同建构,三者的共同作用保证了软法的创制、实施和运行。城市社区软法之治借助法律吸纳、组织嵌入和宣传内化等嵌入机制,实现其效力发挥与教育内化的目的。厘清城市社区软法之治的价值定位、作用基础与嵌入机制,对于解决当前我国城市社区治理中存在的问题、确立社区治理的方向与目标、实现城市社区善治具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。

Promoting the legalization of social governance is a key in advancing the modernization of the state governance system and capacity.Urban community is the basic unit of social governance,which has a complete set of rules system including both the hard law enacted by the national legislature and enforced by the national coercive force,and the soft law spontaneously formed in social life to play the role of flexible constraints.As a basic norm of social governance,the soft law of urban community has its value orientation reflected in the development of democratic politics at the national level,the integration of social order at the social level,and the mediation of residents’disputes at the individual level.The development foundation of rule of soft law in urban communities is the rise of civic public spirit,the social foundation is the construction of legal society,and the effectiveness foundation is the construction of collective identity.The rule of soft law in urban communityrealizes its effectiveness and educational internalization by virtue of the embedding mechanisms of legal absorption,organization embedding and publicity internalization.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the value orientation,function basis and embedded mechanism of rule of soft law in urban communities for solving the problems existing in the current urban community governance in China,establishing the direction and goal of community governance,and realizing the good governance of urban communities.