《授时历》在朝鲜和日本的传播与影响

The Spread and Influence of Season-Granting System in Korea and Japan

本文通过比较中国传统历法《授时历》在朝鲜和日本的传播与使用情况,分析了两者在学习《授时历》的动机、途径和结果上的不同。对于朝鲜来说,学习《授时历》主要是通过官方主导的方式,其背后有一定政治和外交因素的考量。江户时期的日本学习《授时历》更多是出于技术上的考虑,其参与者包括了官方和民间的天文历算家。另外,《授时历》除了对两国的历法发展产生了重要影响,其“精测”和“密算”的传统也分别促进了朝鲜天文仪器的改进以及日本和算的发展。

By comparing the spread and use of the traditional Chinese calendar Season-Granting System(Shoushi li授时历)in Korea and Japan,this article analyzes the differences between the two countries in their motivations for,approaches to,and results of adopting the calendar.Korean adoption of the Season-Granting System was led by the government,motivated by certain political and diplomatic considerations,while during the Edo period the Japanese learned the calendar more out of technical considerations,with the participation of astronomers and calendrical scientists from both inside and outside of the government.Moreover,the Season-Granting System not only had an important impact on the development of the calendar in these two countries,but also its traditions of“accurate measurement”(jingce精测)and“precise calculation”(misuan密算)contributed to the improvement of astronomical instruments in Korea and the development of traditional Japanese mathematics(Wasan).