主导型协商:传统时期游牧部落矛盾纠纷的治理逻辑及当代价值——以川西北麦洼部落的本土化协商实践为例

Leading negotiation:conflicts and disputes of nomadic tribes in the traditional period Governance Logic and Contemporary Value——Localization Consultation Practice of Maiwa Tribe in Northwest Sichuan

协商被赋予解决基层矛盾纠纷的新的路径期待。以往研究仅关注协商在矛盾纠纷治理中的工具性方案和介入性逻辑,忽视了作为协商主导的多元主体及其有效调解矛盾纠纷的内隐机制和过程逻辑。本文通过考察川西北麦洼部落的“说口嘴”“丢谢特”“尼尔冬”等本土化协商实践,发现国家不在场的传统时期,部落纠纷通过协商方式加以自治解决。协商表现为“权威主导”的实践逻辑,具体概括为“主导型协商”。存在能力差异和理性冲突的当事主体,在相对独立的权威主导下,通过权力让渡及整合,形塑公平对垒的协商参与空间,同时结合权威主导下的规则博弈和说服策略,促进当事主体协商共识的达成,有效化解部落治理难题。中国基层社会内生有丰富的协商因子并延续至今,在高度分化及流动的现代社会,挖掘并激活基层社会的“主导型协商因子”,对于如何构筑党领导下的善治共同体具有重要启发意义。

Negotiation is given a new path to resolve grassroots conflicts and disputes.Previous studies only focus on the instrumental scheme and interventional logic of negotiation in the governance of conflicts and disputes,ignoring the implicit mechanism and process logic of multiple subjects dominated by negotiation and their effective mediation of conflicts and disputes.This paper examines the localization negotiation practices of the Maiwa tribe in northwestern Sichuan,such as“speaking mouth”“Duchette”“Nierdong”and finds that in the traditional period when the state is not present,tribal disputes are resolved autonomously through negotiation.Negotiation is the practical logic of“authority leading”,which is summarized as“leading negotiation”.The parties with capacity differences and rational conflicts,under the leadership of relatively independent authority,through the transfer and integration of power,shape the space for fair negotiation participation.At the same time,combined with the rule game and persuasion strategy under the leadership of authority,promote the agreement of the parties,and effectively solve the problem of tribal governance.China's grass-roots society has rich endogenous negotiation factors and continues to this day.In a highly differentiated and mobile modern society,mining and activating the“dominant negotiation factor”of grass-roots society has important inspiration for how to build a good governance community under the leadership of the Party.