农地流转对农户减贫作用及其影响因素研究——基于中国西部山区县域农户调查的实证分析

The effect of farmland transfer on peasant household poverty reduction and its influencing factors——An empirical analysis based on the investigation of county peasant households in the western mountainous areas of China

基于中国西部山区甘谷县584份农户调研数据,引入农户家庭特征、贫困程度、农地流转、技能资本、物质资本等变量构建非线性probit模型,依据国家贫困标准,通过农地流转与否带来的家庭贫困差异,分析农地流转的农户减贫效应,并探究农户农地流转的影响因素。研究发现:农地流转能够有效降低农户陷入贫困的可能性,具有较好的减贫作用;家庭抚养负担、户主手艺和技术对减贫作用的影响尤为显著;农户的流转意愿、家庭耕地面积和耕地质量、农业收入、转让土地使用权收入的重要性及农户农业劳动人数是农地流转的主要影响因素。为了促进农户增收和农地合理流转,应增强农户土地流转的科学认知,建立农地规模化和专业化流转平台,释放农地低效劳动力,分类指导农户农地流转,提高农业劳动力少的农户的农地流转意愿,提高农地转入农户的农业经营性收入,引导贫困户加入农村合作组织,有效促进农户增收。

Based on the survey data of 584 rural households in GanGu county,the mountainous region of western China,this paper introduces variables such as household characteristics,poverty degree,farmland transfer,skilled capital and material capital to construct a nonlinear Probit model,according to the national poverty standard,analyzes the poverty reduction effect of peasant households’land transfer through the difference of family poverty caused by land transfer or not,and explores the influencing factors of peasant households’land transfer.The research found that:farmland transfer can effectively reduce the possibility of farmers falling into poverty,has a significant role in poverty reduction;The burden of family support and the skills and skills of householders have a particularly significant impact on poverty reduction.The main factors affecting land circulation are the willingness of peasant households,the area and quality of family cultivated land,the importance of agricultural income and income from transferring land use right,and the number of family agricultural workers.In order to promote the increase of peasant household income and rational transfer of farmland,it is necessary to strengthen the scientific cognition of peasant household land transfer,establish a large-scale and specialized farmland transfer platform,release the farmland inefficient labor force,give different guidance to farmers farmland transfer,improve the willingness of peasant households with little agriculture labor force to transfer farmland,improve the agricultural operating income of those peasants whose farmland has been increased,guide poor households to join rural cooperative organizations,and effectively promoting their incomes.