生存理性与生活再造——陕北农民“逃黑户”现象的社会学考察

Survival Reason and Life Recreation——A Sociological Investigation of the Phenomenon of“Private escape”in Northern Shaanxi

回顾中国近现代史,广大农民在一定程度上推动着中国革命的走势,他们既是社会秩序稳定的坚定维护者,也是革命运动的参与者与支持者。20世纪六七十年代,国家政治权力下沉到基层组织,直接作用于底层实践逻辑,由于各项政策方针在具体执行过程中产生偏差以及多种客观因素影响,极少数农民通过采取非对抗、非常规的方式以获取新的生存机会。在此期间,陕北地区部分农民以一种隐蔽的方式进行人口迁移,这种私人、分散的生活重构形式催生出农民的生存理性,显露出集体化时期个体经济与集体经济之间存在的矛盾和问题,也反映了农民在推动农村制度变革、维护基层社会稳定中所发挥的关键作用。

Looking back at China's modern history,the majority of peasants have promoted the trend of the Chinese revolution to a certain extent.They are not only staunch defenders of social order and stability,but also participants and supporters of the revolutionary movement.In the 1960s and 1970s,the state's political power sank to grassroots organizations and directly affected the underlying practice logic.Due to deviations in the implementation of various policies and guidelines and the influence of various objective factors,a small number of farmers adopted non-confrontational,extraordinary Obtain new opportunities for survival in a regulated way.During this period,some farmers in northern Shaanxi carried out population migration in a hidden way.This private and scattered form of life reconstruction gave birth to farmers’rationality for survival,and also revealed the relationship between individual economy and collective economy during the collectivization period.The prominent contradiction in the country reflects the key role that farmers play in promoting system reform and maintaining grassroots social stability.