接点服务:小农户衔接现代农业的供需结构与均衡路径

Contact Service: The supply and demand structureand balanced pathof small farmers connecting with modern agriculture

作为"接点"的农业社会化服务可以有机衔接小农户和现代农业。对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)240个村庄3347位农户的调查显示,目前农业社会化服务存在供需失衡问题:在供给侧,以政府公共服务为主,市场与合作服务较少。以产中生产服务为主,产后服务与参与率较低;在需求侧,农业服务总体评价较好,但服务效果表现不均衡;农户最需要素投入服务,村庄期望提升服务效益。"接点服务"供需结构非均衡性的归因在于,针对老少端化小农户的相似性服务不足,新型农业主体服务带动作用不突出,农民合作组织的服务作用不强,以及政府公共服务供给错位等。由此,应该整合服务主体,拓展服务内容,精准服务对象,建立起专业化、全流程、多层次的农业社会化服务体系,促进乡村产业兴旺。

As a“contact point”,agricultural socialization services organically connect small farmers and modern agriculture.A survey of 3,347 peasant households in 240 villages in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)shows that there is an imbalance in the supply and demand structure of agricultural socialization services:on the supply side,government public services are the mainstay,and market and cooperative services are less.It mainly focuses on production services during production,with low post-natal service and participation rates.On the demand side,the overall evaluation of agricultural services is good,but the performance of the services is uneven.Farmers need the most input in services,and the villages expect to improve the service efficiency.The unbalanced supply-demand structure of“contact services”is due to the lack of similarity services for small and medium-sized farmers,young and old,the lack of prominent role of new agricultural services,the weak role of farmers'cooperatives,and the misplacement of government public services.Wait.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate service subjects,expand service content,and precisely target customers,establish a professional,full-process,multi-level agricultural social service system,and promote the prosperity of rural industries.