自利的公共性:村庄公共产品供给中农民的行为逻辑——以通城县汉上村“公共路灯安装”为例

Self-interest public spirit : farmers’ behavioral logic in the supply of village public goods——a case study of public street lamps in Hanshang Village of Tongcheng County

村庄公共产品的供给是"三农问题"的重点。实现村庄公共产品的有效供给需要研究农民的行为逻辑。研究发现,农民在村庄公共产品供给中存在"自利的公共性"行为逻辑。在该行为逻辑下,农民参与集体行动实现"公利"的前提是从集体行动中能获得"私利"。自利的公共性缘起于小农的不足性与人的特性,在实践中,自利的公共性不必然表达,实现其表达需要满足共同需求、有效激励以及一定的参与规模三个条件。与此同时,自利的公共性行为逻辑下的集体行动能够促使村庄公共产品供给有效。实证研究结论对于有效供给村庄公共产品能够提供很好的价值启示。

The supply of village public goods is the key point of"Three Rural Issues".To supply village public goods effectively needs to research farmers’behavioral logic.The study found that farmers have self-interest public spirit behavioral logic in the supply of village goods.Under the behavioral logic,the basic premise of farmers’participating in collective action to realize public interest is to satisfy private interest.The self-interest public spirit roots in the insufficiency of small peasant supply and the nature of human.In practice,the self-interest public spirit is not necessarily obvious until common need,effective motivation and enough participation are met.At the same time,the collective action under the logic of self-interest public spirit can promote the effective supply of public goods in village.The conclusion after the practical study has valuable enlightenment for the effective supply of village public goods.