乡村治理中的“典型创制”及其双重逻辑

On “Typical Institutional Design”and its Dual Logic in Rural Governance

基层常常通过"典型创制"(如典型示范、创制试点、政策实验)的方式加强乡村治理制度建设。典型创制包括"一般逻辑"和"特殊逻辑"两种进路。前者表现为:在"个别"经验的探索基础上,带动"一般"治理实践的普遍进步;后者则止于"个别"经验的探索,以典型本身的打造以及由此带来的品牌效应为目的。虽然典型创制的特殊逻辑也可能会产生创新性和示范性的成果,但其在本质上遵循精英治理、选择性治理和例外治理等逻辑,容易导致制度的虚空化、短期化、推广难和碎片化。典型创制特殊逻辑的发生与多元交织的原初动力、非对称性的主体互动、约束不足的制度环境有关。推动特殊逻辑转向一般逻辑的措施有:回归制度创新的本有逻辑,强化乡村治理的固有属性,构建均衡的治理主体格局,形成科学的考核评价机制。

The grass-roots strengthen construction of rural governance system often though the behavior of"Typical Institutional Design"that means typical demonstration,experimental unit of institutional design and policy experiment.The typical institutional design behavior has"general logic andspecial logic."The former is general logic that expresses to promote general progression of"general governance practice"on the basis of"individual experiences"exploration;the latter is special logic that ends"individual experiences"exploration,limiting to the development of typical institutional design,and it results brand effect and administrationachievement.The special logic of typical institutional design possibly produces innovative and representative gains,but it easily leads to emptiness,short-termism,difficult expansion and fragmentation because of following the logic of selective governance,elite governance and exception governance in essence.The occurrence of special logic of typical institutional design is related to multivariate original power,asymmetry main interaction and lacking institutional environment constraint.It is necessary to promote the shift from"special logic"to"general logic"and take the following measures:returning the inherent logic of institutional innovation,consolidating the intrinsic properties of rural governance,constructing the balanced pattern of governance subject,and forming the scientific examination and evaluation mechanism.