“想象的村庄共同体”:新时代村庄公共空间营造的一种构想——一个双案例研究

“The Imagined Village Community”: A Conception for the Construction of the Village Public Space in the New Era——A double case study

长期以来,学界对村庄公共空间"萎缩"与"再生"两种论调产生热议。实际上,在村庄权力结构与市场化力量嵌入等多重因素共同形塑下,村庄公共空间的表征远比想象的更为复杂,比起讨论是衰落(萎缩)或者再生(重构),我们更应该回归到村庄真实世界的村民生活实践之中,把握不同类型村庄公共空间的现实表征。为此,我们基于对已有研究的有效梳理,建构"村庄权力基础"与"市场力量嵌入"为分析框架,以传统农业型村庄与城镇化进程中村庄为研究案例,动态呈现两个村庄公共空间的实践表征,并对两个村庄公共空间的表现形式进行比较。本研究的基本结论是:村庄权力基础与市场力量嵌入下不同类型村庄公共空间正在不同程度地遭遇萎缩,但在村庄内在价值支撑之下,不意味着村庄共同体在市场力量拉扯下走向崩盘或消失,而是应以新策略、新理念、新途径等形式营造"想象的村庄共同体",使之成为舒缓村民与村庄之间的抽离关系、建构村民与村庄之间的内在联络机制的动力源泉。

For a long time,there has been a heated discussion on the two arguments of"shrinking"and"regeneration"of the village public space in academic circles.In fact,the representation of village public space is much more complicated than imagination under the joint shaping of village power structure and market power embeddedness.Compared with the discussion of decline(atrophy)or regeneration(reconstruction),we should return to the real life practice of villagers in the village and grasp the realistic representation of different types of village public space.Therefore,based on the effective combing of the existing research,we construct the analytical framework of"village power base"and"market power embedding".Taking traditional agricultural villages and villages in the process of urbanization as examples,we dynamically present the practical representation of the public space of the two villages,and compare the manifestations of the public space of the two villages.The basic conclusion of this study is that the public space of different types of villages is shrinking in varying degrees under the embeddedness of the power base and market forces of villages.However,under the support of the intrinsic value of villages,it does not mean that the village community is going to collapse or disappear under the pull of market forces,but should create"imaginary village community"in the form of new strategies,new concepts and new ways.It has become the power source to ease the isolation relationship between villagers and villages and to construct the internal contact mechanism between villagers and villages.