我国就业扶贫政策工具偏好及优化建议——基于中央政策文本(1996—2018)的分析

The Policy Tool Preferences and Suggestions of Poverty Alleviation by Employment——Analysis Based on The National Policy Texts(1996-2018)

挑选出与就业扶贫直接相关的所有国家层面政策文件,运用政策工具理论,建立基本政策工具——贫困类型的二维分析框架,对样本政策文件进行分析。在单维度分析中发现,在基本政策工具维度上,政府偏好采用供给型政策工具,对环境型和需求型政策工具的出台较少;在贫困类型维度,在基于致贫因素的不同类型贫困的应对政策上,应对机会贫困的政策占比最高,应对文化贫困的政策占比最低。在两个维度的交叉分析中发现,应对机会贫困和能力贫困的政策工具中,以供给型政策为主;应对公共服务贫困的政策工具中,以需求型政策为主;应对文化贫困的政策工具中,以环境型政策为主。基于存在的问题,本文提出寻找政策工具组合平衡以及政策工具与贫困性质匹配的建议。

The paper select the national policy documents related to the poverty alleviation by employment to analyze the policies by applying the theory of policy tools and establishing a two-dimensioned framework of"Basic-policy-tools and Poverty-types".In the dimension of basic policy tools,it is found that the government prefers to use supply-side policies,but seldom promulgated environmental policies and demand-side policies.And in the dimension of poverty types,the policies response to different types of poverty based on the factors causing poverty,it is found that the rate of the policies dealing with opportunity poverty is the highest,while the rate of the policies dealing with cultural poverty is the lowest.In the cross-analysis of the two dimensions,among the policy tools to deal with opportunity poverty and capability poverty,supply-side policies are the main ones;among the policy tools to deal with public service,demand-side policies are mainly ones,and among the policy tools to deal with cultural poverty,environmental policies are mainly ones.Based on the existing problems,this paper puts forward suggestions to find the balance of policy tools combination,and the matching between policy tools and the types of poverty.