向外而生:土家族习惯法的当代变迁和转型——基于建始县白云村的调查

Externally Born: Contemporary Changes and Transformation of Tujia Common Law——Based on the investigation of Baiyun Village in Jianshi County

土家族习惯法具有系统性和公共性的特点,其当代转型和变迁既表现为一种系统性、整体性的变化,也表现为一种公共性逐步扩大的过程;在系统性的指引下,土家族习惯法的变化表现为文化内容输入与输出系统的失调,转换渠道单一以及反馈机制匮乏,并且大量内容以知识运动的形式展现,而公共性的扩大打破了许多固有的社会空间限制,是造成了习惯法部分内容失去活力的原因。但总的来说,产生习惯法的基本组织,比如家族、地方政府仍然具有活力,而国家法仍然有触及不到的角落,故而习惯法并不会消亡,而会以一种更高级的形式回归,这建立在人们对社会良性运行的自觉反思上。

Tujia common law has the characteristics of systematization and publicity,and its contemporary transformation and change is not only a systematic and holistic change,but also a process of public gradually expanding;Under the systematic guidance,the changes in Tujia common law are manifested in the imbalance between the input and output systems of cultural content,the single channel of conversion,and the lack of feedback mechanisms,and a large amount of content is displayed in the form of knowledge movements.The expansion of the public nature has broken many inherent social space restrictions and caused the loss of vitality of some parts of common law.But in general,the basic organizations that produce common law,such as families,local governments are still dynamic,and national laws are still inaccessible.Therefore,common law will not die out,but will return in a more advanced form.This is based on people’s conscious reflection on the benign operation of society.