表演视域下的国家:作为仪式与表演的公共权力

The Performative Dimension of the State:Public Power as Ritual and Performance

从政治学的通常意义上来理解,国家彰显了鲜明的"韦伯"特色。韦伯主义的国家观在本质上突出了国家所具有的统治、支配与治理职能,体现了权力的强制性与指向性。然而对权力的垄断、对暴力的行使在本质上不能脱离特定事件的符号化、集体表象系统的生成与文化的传递和弥散性来理解。本文在明确仪式与表演的基础上阐明了表演主义的视角对于理解国家合法性与国家观念塑造的重要意义,并在此基础上构建了表演型国家观。同时,本文呈现了社会表演与国家基础性权力及其结构、专断性权力与国家自主性之间的关系。

In the general sense of political science,the state has a distinctive Weberian characteristic,that is,the state is a compulsory institution that monopolizes legal violence against its people in a certain territory,while the modern state has established a set of administrative bureaucrats responsible for administrative management and law enforcement.This concept essentially highlights the ruling,domination and governance functions of the state,and reflects the coercive and directivity of power.However,it is impossible to understand the monopoly of power in essence if you are far away from perspective of the symbolization of specific events,the generation of collective symbol systems and the transmission and diffusion of culture.This article clarifies the importance of the performative perspective for understanding the molding of state legitimacy and national identity on the basis of clarifying the meaning of ritual and performance,and thus builds a performative state view.At the same time,I also present the relationship between social performance and state infrastractural power,despotic power and state autonomy in this article.