体制吸纳:对博茨瓦纳“政治奇迹”的一种解释

Co-Optation of Political System: An Explanation of Botswana "Political Miracle"

撒哈拉以南非洲存在着大量政治体制疲软失效的国家,博茨瓦纳却能长期保持政治体制稳定与经济持续发展,被称为非洲的"政治奇迹"。体制吸纳是解释博茨瓦纳政治奇迹的重要理论视角。博茨瓦纳采用整合、新建、扩容和限制的方式,有针对性地实施一系列政治和经济制度安排,使传统政治领导人、大牧场主、跨国钻石资本、反对党等对政治体制构成威胁的潜在的反体制行动者,被吸纳到现代政治制度的规则之下,成为维护和巩固现有体制的力量。政治稳定和发展是非洲国家乃至全球的突出性问题,就此而言,博茨瓦纳在维持政治体制稳定以及在政治稳定的基础上追求经济繁荣的成功经验,值得其他非洲国家有选择地借鉴。

Many countries’political systems are weak and ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa.However,Botswana has maintained the stability of its political system and sustainable economic development for a long time.It is called the Africa’s"political miracle".The co-optation of political system is an important theoretical perspective in explaining the political miracle of Botswana.Through integration,construction,expansion and restriction,Botswana implement a series of targeted political and economic institutional arrangements.The traditional political leaders,large ranchers,transnational diamond corporation,opposition parties and other potential anti-institutional actors who pose a threat to the political system have been co-opted into the rules of the modern political system and become the force to maintain and consolidate the existing system.Political stability and development are prominent issues not only in Africa but the whole world.In this regard,Botswana’s successful experience in maintaining political system stability and pursuing economic prosperity based on political stability is worthy of reference from other African countries’s electively.