器物生产与记忆建构:博物馆人类学视域中的观众

The Production of Artifact and the Construction of Memory: Study of Visitors in the Perspective of Museum Anthropology

器物生产是博物馆社会化的一种表现形式,它将器物置于现代性社会的知识体系以及大众的审美价值体系之中,也将器物再生产为符合现代性社会秩序的物。观众在场是博物馆器物生产的前提条件,观众以非主体的身份参与了博物馆器物生产的过程,并将器物置于观众视域中,以便理解和解释器物生产的表征。记忆建构是博物馆器物生产在人这一层面上的进一步升华,它将个体参观博物馆建构为个体记忆,而将器物的历史与信息通过观众的感官体验建构为社会记忆。在记忆建构的过程中,观众在博物馆空间中认同现代性社会秩序并自我解释着观众这一身份。博物馆人类学视域中的观众,亦是现代性社会中大众的一部分,博物馆通过器物生产与记忆建构不仅改变着大众转化为观众的过程,同时也通过物重构了现代性社会的秩序。

The production of artifact is a way of expression of the museum socialization.It places artifact in the knowledge system of the society of modernity and the aesthetic value system of the masses.Reproduction makes the artifacts in line with the order of the society of modernity.The presence of visitors is the prerequisite for the production of artifact in museums.Visitors participate in the production with non-subject identity,understanding and interpreting the representation of the production of artifact through visiting.Memory construction is a further sublimation of the production.The transformation of individual memories to social memories of the history and the information of artifacts suggests that the audience recognizes the modern social order and finds selfexplanation in the museum.The audience in museum anthropology is also a part of the masses in the modern society.The museum not only changes the process of transforming the masses into audience through the production of artifacts and memory,but also reconstructs the order of the modern society through artifacts.