当代博物馆展览建设的质量保障系统:以形成中评估为中心

Quality Assurance System for Contemporary Museum Exhibition: Focusing on In-process Assessment

随着负有传播与教育使命的博物馆类型的出现,阐释与叙述成为展览建设的重要内容,进而导致展览要素的复杂化、多元化,以及展览工程非标准化程度的提高。在这种情形下,要保障展览质量,必须与时俱进地改变传统的建设程序、质量判断标准和管理体制。一个行之有效的做法是,在展览建设的前期、中期和末期分别开展前置评估、形成中评估和总结评估。这种审查与评估制度设置对展览定位的合理化、策展意图的贯彻及展览品质的保障具有重要作用。在中国,随着展览建设逐步专业化,其质量保障开始引起关注,但形成中评估始终没有开展起来,使展览质量大受影响。其原因既有认识方面的,也有经济方面的。引入和完善三大评估,尤其是为形成中评估的开展积极创造条件,是实践领域与理论领域应当共同关注的话题。

With the emergence of museums carrying the mission of communication and education, interpretation and narration have become important for exhibition construction, which increase the complexity and diversity of exhibition elements. The highly personalized exhibition projects make it hard to apply standardized assessment. In this case, to ensure the quality of the exhibition, change of traditional construction procedures, quality standards and management system is a must. An effective method is to carry out pre-assessment, in-process assessment and summary assessment in the early, middle and final stages of the exhibition construction accordingly. This review and assessment system guarantees the consistency of thematic lines, the implementation of curatorial intentions and the exhibition quality. With the gradual professionalization of exhibition construction in China, quality assurance is getting more and more attention, but the in-process assessment has not been applied in practice, which greatly affects the quality of the exhibition. The reasons are both cognitive and economic. The introduction and improvement of the three major assessments, especially the inprocess one, are meaningful both in theory and in practice.