椎基底动脉系的显微解剖学

Microanatomy of the Vertebro-Basilar Arterial System

椎基底动脉系发支布于大脑后部、小脑和脑干,其缺血的主要表现是小脑和脑干的受累症状。患者出现体征的多样性和严重程度、脑血管造影及手术治疗等通常与血管的解剖学密切相关,故熟悉椎基底动脉系的形态对基础和临床医学均有实际意义。国内外文献量已有不少报道,但有些资料尚嫌不足,为此,作者做了这方面的专题观察。

The vertebro-basilar arterial system was examined in 120 adult and child brains under 6 to 40 magnifications.The outer diameter of the intracranial portion of the left vertebral artery was usually greater than that of the right.In the adults,the vertebral arteries were mostly curved in their courses.The anterior spinal artery usually originated from the vertebral artery.In 73.53±5.35%of the cases,it united with the opposite one to form a single spinal artery.The posterior spinal artery most frequently arose from the vertebral artery too.The vertebral artery gave off 1 to 5(average 1.85)medullary arteries to supply the medulla oblongata.In 55.40±5.78%of the adults,the basilar artery was formed at the level of the pons,but in most of the children,it was formed at the level of the medulla oblongata.The majority of the adttlt basilar arteries curved in their courses.The basilar artery gave off the pontine branches to supply the pons and the oblongata.The significances of the varieties of the vertebro-basilar arterial system were briefly discussed.