首都博物馆藏四件明代银器锈蚀产物分析及防护探讨

Analysis and Protection of Corrosion of Four Ming Dynasty Silver Relics Collected in the Capital Museum

本研究利用光学显微3D图像扫描系统(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)、微区激光拉曼光谱仪(Micro-Raman)、微区X射线衍射仪(Micro-XRD)等科技手段,对首都博物馆藏残银盆、银执壶、万贵墓及万通墓银锭四件明代银器锈蚀物微观形貌、元素组成及物相结构进行了检测分析。结果表明,各银器发生腐蚀后,基体变粗糙疏松,表面覆盖着不同形貌的锈蚀物晶体颗粒。馆藏残银盆灰黑色锈蚀物为辉铜银矿(Ag_(3)CuS_(2))及直硫铜银矿[(Ag,Cu)_(2)S],腐蚀主要为0.00925—5μm的小孔洞。明万贵墓及万通墓银锭锈蚀物均为氯化银(AgCl)—角银矿,银执壶褐色土锈为方解石碳酸钙(CaCO_(3)),锈蚀物均以小粒径为主。建议对四件银器除锈、加固、缓蚀封护后,放置在洁净稳定的保存环境中,最大限度降低外界不利因素的影响。

In this study,the micromorphology,elemental composition and phase structure of four pieces of Ming dynasty silverware in the Capital Museum,including the remnant silver basin,silver pot,silver ingots of Wangui and Wantong tombs,were analyzed non-destructively by stereomicroscope combined with back focal plane 3D acquisition system(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(EDXRF),micro laser raman spectrometer(Micro-Raman)and micro X-ray diffraction(Micro-XRD).The results showed that the silver substrate became coarse and loose after corrosion,and the surface was covered with crystal particles of different morphs.The gray-black corrosion material of the remnant silver basin was jalpaite and mckinstryite,and the corrosion was mainly small holes of 0.00925-5μm.The silver ingots of Wangui and Wantong tombs were chlorargyrite,and the brown soil rusts in the silver earthen were calcite,and the rusts were mainly small particle size.It was suggested to remove rusts,reinforce,prevent corrosion,and place the silverware in a clean and stable preservation environment to minimize the impact of external adverse factors.