橡胶表面碳基薄膜耐磨改性研究进展

Research Progress on Wear Resistance Modification of Carbonbased Film on Rubber

橡胶具有良好的压缩性和回弹性及良好的气密性、耐溶剂性等性能,是航空航天、石油化工、汽车工业等领域必不可少的密封材料。然而,实际服役中其因摩擦因数极高(≥1)而易磨损失效,进而引发密封介质泄漏,严重影响设备安全性及服役寿命。类金刚石碳基薄膜由于其高硬度、化学惰性、低摩擦磨损特性等被认为是最有前景的橡胶表面耐磨改性涂层。一方面,通过调整薄膜沉积参数可以控制薄膜灵活度和沉积温度,足够的灵活度要求薄膜能够适应橡胶软基底形变而不会发生崩落,而低的沉积温度可以避免降解或破坏橡胶基底;另一方面,碳基薄膜的化学成分(主要包括碳和氢)与橡胶展现出极好的相容性,可以确保其良好的结合强度。综述了近20年来橡胶表面碳基薄膜耐磨改性研究的重要结果和最新进展,总结了目前研究中尚未解决的问题及未来的研究方向。

Rubber is widely used as an essential sealing material in aerospace,petrochemical industry,automotive industry and other fields due to its good compressibility and resilience,airtightness,solvent resistance and so on.However,it is easy to wear out due to its high friction coefficient(≥1)in actual service,which leads to leakage of sealing medium,and seriously affects the safety and service life of the equipment.Diamond-like carbon(DLC)based films are considered to be the most promising wear-resistant coatings for rubber due to their high hardness,chemical inertness and low friction and wear.The flexibility and deposition temperature of DLC film can be controlled by adjusting the deposition parameters,sufficient flexibility of the film is required to adapt large deformations of rubber substrates without falling off,while the low deposition temperature can avoid degradation or damage to the rubber substrate.The chemical composition of DLC film(mainly composed by C and H)exhibits a good compatibility with rubber materials,which can ensure its good adhesion.The important results and the latest research progress on the wear resistance of carbon-based film on rubber in the past two decades were summarized,and the unsolved problems in the current research and the future research trends were pointed out.