2005—2020年北京市怀柔区5岁以下儿童死亡状况分析

Analysis of death status of children under 5 years old in Huairou District of Beijing from 2005 to 2020

目的 探讨2005—2020年北京市怀柔区5岁以下儿童死亡率及主要死因。方法 选取2005—2020年北京市怀柔区5岁以下儿童的死亡监测数据,分析新生儿死亡率(neonatal mortality rate, NMR)、婴儿死亡率(infant mortality rate, IMR)、5岁以下儿童的死亡率(under-five mortality rate, U5MR)、死亡地点和主要死因分布情况。结果 2005—2020年北京市怀柔区5岁以下儿童死亡人数为162例,其中新生儿86例(53.09%),婴儿139例(85.80%)。2020年北京市怀柔区NMR、IMR及U5MR分别为0‰、0.81‰和2.02‰,较2005年分别降低了100.00%、78.68%和58.69%,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。2005—2020年北京市怀柔区新生儿死亡以住院患者为主,婴儿(28 d~1岁)及1~4岁儿童死亡地点以未就医患者为主,3个年龄组死亡地点的分布差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。2005—2020年,5岁以下儿童的前5位死因顺位分别为先天性畸形、感染性疾病、早产或低出生体重儿、意外伤害和出生窒息,其中先天性畸形、感染性疾病、出生窒息死亡专率均呈持续下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),早产或低出生体重儿、意外伤害死亡率呈波动状态,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 2005—2020年北京市怀柔区NMR、IMR和U5MR总体呈下降趋势,早产或低出生体重儿、意外伤害发生率应作为今后控制5岁以下儿童死亡防控工作的重点。

Objective To explore the mortality rate and main causes of death of children under 5 years old in Huairou District of Beijing from 2005 to 2020.Methods The data of the death monitoring network of children under 5 years old in Huairou District of Beijing from 2005 to 2020 was selected,the neonatal mortality rate(NMR),infant mortality rate(IMR),under-five mortality rate(U5MR),death location and the distribution of main death causes of children under 5 years old were analyzed.Results There were 162 deaths of children under 5 years old in Huairou District of Beijing,including 86 newborns(53.09%)and 139 infants(85.80%)from 2005 to 2020.The NMR,IMR and U5MR in Huairou District of Beijing were 0‰,0.81‰and 2.02‰in 2020,respectively,which were 100.00%,78.68%and 58.69%lower than those in 2005,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Most of the neonatal deaths in Huairou District of Beijing were hospitalized patients,while the death places of infants(28 d~1 year old)and children aged 1~4 years old were mainly patients who did not seek medical treatment from 2005 to 2020,there were statistical differences in the distribution of death places among the three age groups(P<0.05).The top five death causes of children under 5 years old were congenital malformation,infectious diseases,premature or low birth weight infants,accidental injury and birth asphyxia from 2005 to 2020,among which the mortality of congenital malformation,infectious diseases and birth asphyxia showed a continuous downward trend,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05),while the mortality of premature or low birth weight infants and accidental injury showed fluctuations,with no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusions NMR,IMR and U5MR in Huairou District show a general downward trend from 2005 to 2020.The incidence of premature or low birth weight infants and accidental injuries should be considered as the focus of the prevention and control of death of children under 5 years old in the future.