美国关于《国际水道非航行使用法公约》的立场分析

Analysis of the United States’ Position on the Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses

《国际水道非航行使用法公约》在国际水法发展史上具有“里程碑”的重要地位。拥有众多跨界河流的美国高度关注和支持国际水道立法,积极参与《公约》的整个制定过程,并对《公约》的通过投了赞成票,但至今未加入《公约》。分析美国关于《公约》的立场及其原因,对中国的启示是:应当从国际、国内两个层面完善跨界河流的法律政策;积极参与国际水法的制定过程,充分运用和不断强化在跨界河流法律机制建设中的国际话语权,并通过引导认识,求得共识,促进国际水法的完善;为维护中国跨界水权益,目前仍不宜加入《公约》。

The Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses is a milestone in the development of international water law.The United States,which has many crossboundary rivers,participated in the whole formulation process of the Convention and gave full play to its international voice.It also voted in favour of the Convention during the procedure for its adoption,expressing its basic acceptance of the content of the Convention.However,it has not acceded to the convention,which reflects its concept of the supremacy of national interests in the formulation of international water law.The analysis of the United States’position on the convention and its reasons has certain implications for China.We should adhere to the principle of not acceding to the Convention in the interests of the state,actively participate in the formulation of international water law and play our due role in the construction of transboundary river mechanisms.