论戏剧性的三重内涵——兼谈“情境冲突”的编剧学价值

戏剧由于同时具有媒介和艺术的双重属性,因此其核心概念戏剧性便包含了概括戏剧外在形态特质、体现戏剧内在情节共性、总结戏剧艺术吸引力所在的三重内涵。外在形态方面的戏剧性可概括为体现戏剧媒介属性的"表演行动",而戏剧性"情境说"理论由于反映了戏剧外在形态上的"模仿"和"行动"等媒介特质,因此其"人物、情境互动模式"可以概括戏剧性的内在情节共性。基于"情境说"的由人物和观众对剧作情境所知差异形成的"情境冲突"则可以构成人物与人物之间、人物与剧作之间、人物与观众之间三个方面的冲突,可以同传统的戏剧性"冲突说"理论一起涵盖戏剧艺术内在情节的吸引力,并解释戏剧创作从人物设计、情节安排到结构组织等重要环节的基本原理,进而形成一套剧作理论。

Drama has the dual attributes of media and art at the same time,so its core concept dramatic includes three connotations:summarizing the external morphological characteristics of drama,reflecting the commonness of drama’s internal plot,and summarizing the attraction of drama art.The drama in its external form can be summarized as"performance action"reflecting the media attribute of drama.Because the dramatic"situation theory"reflects the media characteristics such as"imitation"and"action"in the external form of drama,its"interaction mode of character and situation"can summarize the internal plot commonness of drama.Based on the"situational theory",the"situational conflict"formed by the difference known of the situation of the drama between the characters and the audience can form three conflicts between the characters,the characters and the drama,the characters and the audience.It can generalize the attraction of the plot of the drama art with the traditional dramatic theory of"conflict".It can explain the rationale of the character design,the plot arrangement and the organization of structure,and establish a set of drama writer theory.