汉代铎舞歌辞《圣人制礼乐篇》释读补论

Interpretation and Supplement of Lyrics of Duo Dance Chapter of the Rites and Music by the Sage in the Han Dynasty

汉代铎舞歌辞《圣人制礼乐篇》的释读,前辈学者的观点不尽一致。文章首先着眼于其自身的“舞蹈歌辞”属性,分析铎舞表演时的舞姿舞容、舞者所持乐器特征,逆推歌辞如何与伴奏音乐、舞蹈动作相互谐和,而后从汉字音韵与舞蹈动作节奏、伴舞音乐节律的互通互鉴的角度讨论《圣人制礼乐篇》的释读,对既有研究做出补充。歌辞中出现的“邪”“乌”“吾”等“声辞”都出现在某一小句的尾部,恰好对应铎舞演出时“踏地低昂,手足相应”的动作。此阶段配乐节奏舒缓,伴乐而唱的歌辞则会拖长,释读时应将其与二合“声辞”前字所表示的相应“声辞”的辅音部分结合起来考虑。从铎舞表演时舞者所持乐器特征来看,振铎发出的声音刚健而清脆,而舞者振铎击节与刚猛浑雄的舞蹈动作共同作用更加深了节奏的脆断感,此时往往与汉语入声字产生关联,入声字后的“邪”“吾”“乌”很可能为单一“声辞”,需要特别重视。

Previous scholars are not entirely consistent with their interpretations of the lyrics of the Duo dance Chapter of Rites and Music by the Sage in the Han Dynasty.Focusing on its own attribute of“lyrics of dance”,the paper takes the dance postures,appearances,and musical instruments during the Duo dance performance into consideration,and analyzes how the lyrics harmonize with the accompanying music and dance movements.From the perspective of mutual learning between Chinese character rhymes,dance movement rhythms,and accompanied music rhythms,it discusses the interpretation of Chapter of Rites and Music by the Sage to supplement the existing research.The“sound characters”in the lyrics such as“Xie(邪)”,“Wu(乌)”and“Wu(吾)”appearing at the end of a small sentence correspond to the movements of“treading on the ground with the head holding low,and hands and feet corresponding to the rhythm”in the Duo dance performance.The rhythm of the music at this stage is soothing,and the lyrics sung with the music are prolonged.When interpreting,it should be combined with the consonant part of the corresponding“sound characters”expressed by the preceding word of the two combined“sound characters”.From the perspective of the characteristics of the musical instruments held by the dancers during the Duo dance performance,the sound played by the vibrating Duo(sometimes even beating time)is strong and crisp,and the combination of the dancers’vibrating Duo rhythm with the vigorous dance movements further deepens the sense of brittleness of the rhythm.At this time,it is often related to the Chinese entering tone characters,and the“Xie(邪)”,“Wu(乌)”and“Wu(吾)”after the entering tone characters are likely to be a single“sound character”,which needs special attention.