中国特色的舞蹈学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设进路

Construction Progress of Disciplinary System,Academic System and Discourse System of Dance Studies with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era

文章以建设有中国特色的哲学社会科学及“三大体系”的时代命题为引领,围绕中国舞蹈学三大体系的建设进程展开研究。第一,从内涵上看,中国舞蹈的学科体系包括舞蹈学科建设、学科理论和学科支撑等内容。学术体系的核心在于舞蹈学术观点、理论学说的形成。话语体系,既包括对舞蹈概念、范畴、命题等外在符号能指系统的探讨,也包括中国舞蹈知识体系的语言表达系统。第二,从历史上看,中国舞蹈的学科体系在以吴晓邦为代表的创立阶段已形成学科自觉,其学科内涵以史论为中心的基本结构影响至今。学术体系体现为中华民族以“人”为标准,“修己”“修身”“天人合一”的身体观,也表现为“舞”字创造,儒家“礼乐”制度的建立,朱载堉等为代表的系统舞学体系的形成,现当代舞学体系则在前人基础上从单一向多元深化发展。中国舞蹈的话语及表现形式始于新旧石器时代的岩画及彩陶舞蹈图像,至今已呈现出一套以汉语言文字为主、以民族性、地域性为核心的特色表达体系。从中外舞蹈学科内涵比较而言,中国舞蹈学科体系内涵凸显综合性、系统性、整体性,国外强调的是创造性、跨文化性、跨学科开放性,目标是导向“人”自身,体现学科服务人类生活的宗旨。通过对中外舞蹈学三大体系进展的回溯,提出舞蹈学人在建设中国舞蹈自主知识体系的过程中,要立足中国本土视角考察三大体系的历史形成过程及研究对象,建立理论与方法论的文化自觉意识,还要以宏观的国际视野推动三大体系的进一步完善。

Guided by the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics and the epochal proposition of the construction of“three major systems”,the paper studies the construction process of the three major systems of Chinese dance.Firstly,in terms of connotation,the disciplinary system of Chinese dance includes the construction of dance disciplines,disciplinary theories and disciplinary support,etc.The core of the academic system lies in the formation of dance academic viewpoints and theories.The discourse system of Chinese dance includes both the exploration of the concepts,categories,propositions,and other external symbolic signifier systems,as well as the language expression system of Chinese dance knowledge;Secondly,in terms of history,the disciplinary system of Chinese dance has formed a disciplinary self-consciousness in the founding stage represented by Wu Xiaobang,whose disciplinary connotation and basic structure have exerted impact up to now.The academic system took its basic shape from the system of dance studies founded by Zhu Zaiyu in the Ming Dynasty,and the modern and contemporary dance system has been based on previous studies and deepened from a single to a diversified development.The discourse system of Chinese dance began in primitive society and has presented a set of distinctive discourse systems with Chinese language and characters,and its nationality and regionality at its core.By retracing the progress of the three major systems of dance studies with Chinese characteristics,the paper suggests that dance scholars should base on the history of the three major systems from the Chinese local perspective,construct the theoretical and methodological consciousness in the process of establishing the independent knowledge system of Chinese dance,meanwhile improve the three systems with a broader international perspective.