高压氧干预对平行大回转运动员冬季高原训练后疲劳消除的效果

Research on the Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Intervention on Fatigue Elimination in Parallel Giant Slalom Athletes after Winter Plateau Training

探究1.3大气压(absolute atmosphere,ATA)、28%~30%氧浓度的高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)干预方案对国家平行大回转优秀运动员冬季高原寒冷缺氧环境训练后机体疲劳消除的效果。方法:将15名国家平行大回转运动员随机分成HBO组(4男,4女)和对照组(3男,4女)。HBO组在冬季高原寒冷缺氧环境训练阶段进行每次60 min、每周3次、持续6周、1.3 ATA、28%~30%氧浓度的HBO干预,对照组保持原有的恢复方式。所有运动员在训练前2天以及每周调整期的周日上午进行安静状态下仰卧位的心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)测试,在每2周训练结束后的次周一清晨采集肘静脉血进行血液生理生化指标检测,在训练第1周和第6周的最后1天进行平行大回转滑行能力测试。结果:1)2组运动员的HRV指标身体机能综合准备状态、中枢神经系统功能准备状态、TP、HFn.u.和血液指标WBC、T、T/C在整个训练阶段呈明显的降低趋势(P<0.05),而2组的HRV指标LFn.u.、LF/HF和血液指标BU、CK、Cr、LY%、NE%、MO%在整个训练阶段呈明显的升高趋势(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,HBO组的身体机能综合准备状态、中枢神经系统功能准备状态、TP、HFn.u.、WBC、T、T/C在整个训练阶段均高于对照组,其中中枢神经系统功能准备状态、身体机能综合准备状态、TP、HFn.u.以及WBC在大部分训练周明显高于对照组(P<0.05);而LFn.u.、LF/HF、BU、CK、Cr、LY%、NE%、MO%则在整个训练阶段均低于对照组,其中LFn.u.、LF/HF、BU、LY%、NE%、MO%在大部分训练周明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)2组运动员训练后的平行大回转成绩均较训练前明显提高(P<0.05),但与对照组相比,HBO组训练后的平行大回转成绩及提高幅度均大幅高于对照组,且成绩提高幅度具有高等效应程度的组间差异(P>0.05,d=0.93)。结论:每周3次、每次60 min、1.3 ATA、28%~30%氧浓度的HBO干预方案能够有效地加快国家平行大回转运动员冬季高原环境训练后血液代谢产物的清除,减轻炎症反应,加速机体的免疫力和合成代谢能力的恢复,并促进中枢神经系统、自主神经系统调节功能以及身体机能综合准备状态的恢复,提升运动能力,可作为运动员冬季高原寒冷低氧环境训练后机体疲劳消除的有效手段。

This paper aims to investigate the effects of a hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)intervention programme with an absolute atmosphere 1.3(ATA)and an oxygen concentration of 28%-30%on the elimination of fatigue in national parallel giant slalom athletes after winter training in a cold and hypoxic environment in a plateau.Methods:15 national parallel giant slalom athletes were randomly divided into an HBO group(4 males and 4 females)and a control group(3 males and 4 females).The HBO group received HBO intervention during the winter plateau training phase,with sessions lasting 60 minutes,three times per week,for six weeks,at 1.3 atmospheres absolute(ATA),and with oxygen concentrations ranging from 28%to 30%,while the control group maintained the normal recovery mode.All athletes underwent heart rate variability(HRV)testing in a supine position at rest 2 days prior to training and on Sunday mornings during the weekly adjustment period.Elbow venous blood samples were collected for physiological and biochemical parameter analysis on the following Monday morning after each 2-week training period.Parallel giant-slalom skiing ability tests were conducted on the last day of the first and sixth weeks of training.Results:1)HRV indicators of overall physical readiness,central nervous system function readiness,TP,HFn.u.and blood indicators of WBC,T,T/C in both groups showed a significant trend of decrease throughout the training phase(P<0.05),while HRV indicators of LFn.u.,LF/HF and blood indicators of BU,CK,Cr,LY%,NE%,MO%exhibited a significant trend of increase throughout the training phase(P<0.05).2)Compared to the control group,the HBO group showed higher levels overall physical readiness,central nervous system functional readiness,TP,HFn.u.,WBC,T,and T/C throughout the training phase,with central nervous system functional readiness,overall physical readiness,TP,HFn.u.,and WBC significantly higher than the control group during most training weeks(P<0.05).In contrast,LFn.u.,LF/HF,BU,CK,Cr,LY%,NE%and MO%were lower in the HBO group than the control group throughout the training phase,with LFn.u.,LF/HF,BU,LY%,NE%and MO%significantly lower than the control group during most training weeks(P<0.05).3)Both groups of athletes significantly improved their parallel giant slalom performance after training(P<0.05),but compared to the control group,the HBO group’s post-training parallel giant slalom performance and the magnitude of improvement were substantially higher than those of the control group.The difference between the groups in terms of performance improvement rate was highly significant(P>0.05,d=0.93).Conclusion:The HBO intervention programme consisting of 3 sessions per week,each lasting 60 minutes,at 1.3 atmospheres absolute(ATA)with oxygen concentrations of 28%to 30%,can effectively accelerate the clearance of blood metabolites in national parallel giant slalom athletes after training in winter plateau environment,reduce the inflammatory response,accelerate the recovery of immunity and anabolic capacity,promote the regulatory function of central nervous system and autonomic nervous system,and improve athletic performance.This approach can be used as an effective means for athletes to eliminate fatigue after training in the cold and hypoxic environment of the winter plateau.