新《体育法》公民体育权利的立法价值、表达逻辑与实现路径

The Legislative Value,Expression Logic and Realization Path of Citizens’Sports Rights in the Newly Revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports

公民体育权利在立法上的准确定位和合理设置,是《体育法》的重点问题,应当准确理解和系统梳理公民体育权利在新《体育法》中的建构性和体系性意义。基于概念分析、规范解释以及体系研究等法律分析方法,深入阐释新《体育法》中公民体育权利立法的立法价值、表达逻辑和实现路径,推进《体育法》的有效实施,促进公民体育权利的实现。研究认为,新《体育法》公民体育权利的立法价值在于体现了“以人民为中心”的价值理性,体现了体育权利的价值重心,体现了体育法治的价值目标;公民体育权利的表达逻辑体现为采取“提取公因式”的立法技术,在总则部分对公民的普遍体育权利和特定体育权利进行了原则性的法律确认,在其后各章节则具体规定了不同类型的体育权利及其主要内容,使公民体育权利表现为各个重要体育领域中不同主体所享有的不同表现形式内容和不同性质的权利,形成了公民体育权利的类型化谱系;关于公民体育权利实现路径的立法建构,则是基于公民体育权利在在体育法中的不同功能层次及其权利条款内容,全面设置了国家(尤其是国家行政机关)、社会(包括社会组织和个人)作为责任主体所负有的消极的不侵犯义务和积极的给付义务和保护义务。

The accurate positioning and reasonable setting of citizens’sports rights in legislation is a key issue in the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports.It is necessary to accurately understand and systematically sort out the constructive and systematic significance of citizens’sports rights in the Sports Law.Adopting the method of conceptual analysis,norm interpretation,and systematic study,this article deeply explains the legislative value,expression logic,and realization path of citizens’sports rights legislation in the Sports Law,promotes the effective implementation of the Sports Law,and promotes the realization of citizens’sports rights.The research suggests that the legislative value of citizens’sports rights in the Sports Law lies in the reflection of the value rationality of“putting the people at the center”,reflecting the value core of sports rights,and reflecting the value goal of sports rule of law;the expression logic of citizens’sports rights is reflected in the adoption of legislative techniques of“extracting common factors”.In the general section,the general and specific sports rights of citizens are legally recognized in principle,and in subsequent chapters,different types of sports rights and their main contents are specified.The manifestation of citizens’sports rights is the different forms,contents,and nature of rights enjoyed by different subjects in various important sports fields,forming a typological spectrum of citizens’sports rights;the legislative construction of the realization path of citizens’sports rights is based on the different functional levels and provisions of citizens’sports rights in the Sports Law,comprehensively setting up the negative non-infringement obligations,positive payment obligations and protection obligations that the state(especially the state administrative organizations)and the society(including social organizations and individuals)bear as responsible subject.