足球运动员在虚拟现实多目标追踪任务中的优势

Advantages of Football Athletes in Multiple Object Tracking Task Based on Virtual Reality

目的:探讨足球运动员在虚拟现实多目标追踪任务(VR-MOT)中的追踪优势是否比二维多目标追踪任务(2D-MOT)更强,以及不同运动水平对这种追踪优势的影响。方法:采用虚拟现实技术创建更为真实的VR-MOT,并将2D-MOT和VR-MOT结合起来比较高水平足球运动员、大学生足球运动员和非运动员在上述2项任务追踪速度阈值上的差异。结果:1)VR-MOT的追踪速度阈值显著高于2D-MOT;随着运动水平的提高,足球运动员的追踪速度阈值也相应提高。2)高水平运动员在2D-MOT和VR-MOT中的追踪速度阈值均好于非运动员,大学生运动员仅在VR-MOT中的追踪速度阈值上高于非运动员;在不同运动水平的人群中,VR-MOT的追踪速度阈值均显著高于2D-MOT,但高水平和大学生足球运动员在VR-MOT追踪速度阈值上的提高程度大于非运动员。3)高水平运动员的职业运动年限与其在VR-MOT中的追踪速度阈值呈正相关。结论:VR-MOT的追踪表现好于2D-MOT,且存在跨人群的稳定性。这可能与多焦点注意理论中多个注意焦点灵活分配到不同深度位置提高客体的区分度,以及知觉组织假说中多个目标客体形成的空间构型更加稳定有关。此外,足球运动员的追踪优势受到运动水平的影响,高水平足球运动员在2D-MOT和VR-MOT中均表现出较强的追踪优势。最后,相比于非运动员,足球运动员在VR-MOT追踪表现上的提高程度更大,这可能是由于VR-MOT具备丰富的深度信息,从而使足球运动员更大程度地利用深度信息来促进追踪。

Objective:The study aims to investigate whether the tracking advantage of football players in the virtual reality multi-object tracking task(VR-MOT)is stronger than that in the two-dimensional multi-object tracking task(2D-MOT),and to explore the influence of sports level on this processing advantage.Methods:Using virtual reality technologies to develop a more realistic VR-MOT,and combining 2D-MOT and VR-MOT,the study compares the differences in the tracking velocity thresholds of the above two tasks among elite football players,college football players and non-athletes.Results:1)The speed threshold of VR-MOT is significantly higher than that of 2D-MOT.As the sports level increases,the speed threshold of football athletes also increases accordingly.2)Elite football athletes outperform non-athletes in both 2D-MOT and VR-MOT tasks,and college football athletes are better than non-athletes only in VR-MOT.The tracking speed threshold of VR-MOT is significantly higher than that of 2D-MOT in people with different sports levels,but the improvement of VR-MOT tracking speed threshold of elite and college football players is greater than that of non-athletes.3)The professional sports years of elite football athletes are positively correlated with their tracking speed threshold in VR-MOT.Conclusion:The tracking performance of VR-MOT is better than that of 2D-MOT,and there is stability across elite football players,college football players and non-athletes.This may be related to the degree of distinction that is increased when multiple people’s focus of attention is flexibly assigned to positions of different depths according to the multi-focal attention theory,and the more stable spatial configuration formed by multiple target objects in the perceptual organization hypothesis.In addition,the tracking advantage of football players is affected by their performance level,where elite players show strong tracking advantages in both 2D-MOT and VR-MOT.Finally,football players show greater improvement in VR-MOT tracking performance compared to non-athletes,which may be due to the fact that VR-MOT possesses rich in-depth information,allowing football players to make greater use of in-depth information to facilitate the tracking.