中国传统体育文化与古代东亚世界的中华认同——射礼施行与朝鲜王朝华夷观的嬗变

Traditional Chinese Sports Culture and Chinese Identification of Ancient East Asia:Adoption of Sheli and Evolution of Huayi Concept in the Joseon Dynasty

儒家文化是东亚汉字文化圈的核心思想,华夷之辨则是儒家义理观的核心命题。射礼作为中华礼仪体系的重要组成部分在朝鲜备受推崇,对朝鲜半岛儒家化也产生了深远影响。运用文献资料法、历史分析法,对射礼在朝鲜王朝儒家化治理过程中的历史价值,及其所呈现出来的华夷观嬗变进行考证。研究表明:朝鲜王朝在建国之初对射礼推崇备至,事大慕华为其主要外交策略;至中期,射礼成为朝鲜“以夏变夷”,从而“进于中国”的慕华之举;明清鼎革之后,朝鲜视满清为夷狄,通过射礼施行彰显尊周思明之大义,意图在“攘夷”同时申明其“中华”身份。以射礼为代表的中国传统体育文化在铸牢古代东亚世界中华认同过程中发挥了重要作用,是中国传统体育文化在儒家文化圈形成中的典范。

Confucianism is the core of the East Asian Sinographic world,and the distinction between“Hua”(China)and“Yi”(“barbarians”referring to foreigners)is the core proposition of the Confucian idea of Yili(righteousness).As an important part of the Chinese etiquette system,Sheli(rites of archery)is highly regarded in North Korea,and it has also had a profound impact on the Confucianism of the Korean Peninsula.Using the methods of literature review and historical analysis,this paper conducts research on the historical value of Sheli in the process of Confucian governance of the Joseon Dynasty and the evolution of the“Huayi”concept.The research shows that Sheli was highly respected at the beginning of the founding of the Joseon Dynasty,whose main diplomatic strategy was based on flunkeyism and me-tooism;in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty,Sheli became a tributary activity to for North Korea to have identification with Chinese civilization and then“learn from China”;after Ming Dynasty was replaced by Qing Dynasty,North Korea regarded the Manchu Dynasty as barbarians,and demonstrated its great respect for Ming Dynasty through Sheli,with the intention of“repelling the barbarians”as well as declaring its“Chinese”identity.Traditional Chinese sports culture,represented by Sheli,has played an important role in the process of forging the Chinese identity in ancient East Asia,and has become a model of traditional Chinese sports culture in the formation of the Confucian Asia cluster.