全面抗战爆发前京津地区冰球运动发展的历史考略与得失探析

A Historical Study on the Development of Ice Hockey in Beijing and Tianjin before the Full-scale Anti-Japanese War

100多年前,现代冰球运动被引入中国。研究冰球运动发展的历史,对于体育史研究具有重要意义。运用文献资料法与历史分析法等研究方法,爬梳了全面抗战爆发前京津地区冰球运动的发展历程,并对其发展原因及得失进行考察与探究。研究认为:1)全面抗战爆发前京津地区的冰球运动,是在西方现代冰球运动传入的大背景下,由学校体育教育中孕育而生,后逐渐走出校门,成为了京津冬季热门体育运动。2)全面抗战爆发前京津地区冰球运动得以发展的原因:符合民国政府的统治政策;学校体育教育的推动;社会和舆论的推崇与关注。3)全面抗战爆发前京津地区冰球运动,在运动员、教练员、裁判员群体的培养以及比赛的开展、与国际接轨的规则的学习上取得了一定的成绩。其局限性也很明显,主要包括:冰球队员缺少长期稳定的训练与培养规划;冰球队组建受到各种外部条件的影响,队伍稳定性差;民国政府缺乏对冰球运动的经济投入。

More than 100 years ago,ice hockey was introduced to China.Studying the history of ice hockey is of great significance to the study of sports history.Using the methods of literature review and historical analysis as the main research methods,this paper combs through documents and studies the history of ice hockey in Beijing and Tianjin before the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War to investigate and explore its development reasons,gains,and losses.The research shows that:1)Before the full-scale Anti-Japanese War,ice hockey in Beijing and Tianjin was conceived in school physical education under the background of the introduction of modern western ice hockey,and then gradually went out of school,becoming a popular winter sport in Beijing and Tianjin.2)There are three reasons for the development of ice hockey in Beijing and Tianjin before the outbreak of the full-scale AntiJapanese War:conforming to the ruling policy of the government of the Republic of China;the promotion of school physical education;the admiration and attention of society and the public opinion.3)Before the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War,ice hockey in Beijing and Tianjin made some achievements in the training of athletes,coaches and referees,in the development of competitions and the study of rules in line with international standards.Its limitations are also obvious,mainly including:ice hockey players'lack of long-term and stable training and training plans;the poor stability of the team due to various external conditions affecting the formation of an ice hockey team;the lack of economic investment in ice hockey by the government of the Republic of China.