传统武术“技道并建”的功夫哲学诠释

Kungfu Philosophy Hermeneutics of “Co-existence Between Skills and Tao” in Traditional Wushu

重新廓清庄子"道进乎技"意涵,对武术"技道并建"的功夫论进行研究,主要采用文献资料法,深入讨论武术"道"研究的根本落脚点"功夫"。研究表明:武术之"道"不能被语言把捉,是不可被作为对象阐释的实在,但是运用中国哲学"技道并建"的思维进路,可以借释"技"代而释"道"。在"功夫所至即是本体(道)"的功夫哲学视域下,功夫既是对形上道体的直接展现,同时也是对武术技艺意涵的高度概括。武术的"技"与"道"并非是单向和线性进阶的关系,而是体用胥有和须臾不离的整体功夫,只有"显"与"藏"的区分。所以,"道"只能在功夫上讨论。武术技艺向道的进阶本质上并非时空的跨越,而是显道和祛蔽功夫的不断提升。因此,阐明功夫的深刻意涵才是武术"道"诠释的关窍。摈弃武术理论研究中的"技道二元论",促使以后相关研究以功夫为对象,从而不至陷入"道"的空谈。

This study re-clarified Zhuangzi’s meaning of"Tao goes into the skill",takes the theory of Wushu"Co-existence between skills and Tao"as the research object,and uses the method of literature review to discuss Kungfu which is the basic foothold of Wushu’s"Tao".The results showed that Tao of Wushu cannot be captured by language and interpreted as an object.However,applying"co-existence between skill and Tao"of the Chinese philosophy,"Tao"can be explained by interpreting"skill".Under the Kungfu philosophy of"Kungfu is the Tao",Kungfu is not only a direct display of metaphysical Tao,but also a highly summary of the meaning of Wushu skills.The relations of Wushu’s"skill"and"Tao"are not the one-way and linear advanced,but the integration of substance and utilities and not separate forever,there is only distinction between"showing"and"hiding".So"Tao"can only be discussed in the Kungfu.In essence,the"advancement"of Wushu to Tao is not the"leap"of time and space,but the continuous improvement of manifesting Tao and un-concealment Kungfu.Therefore,to clarify the profound meaning of"Kungfu"is the key to the interpretation of"Tao"in Wushu.Abandoning the dualism of skill and Tao in the research of Wushu theory will make the related research take Kungfu as the object in the future,so as not to fall into the empty talk of Tao.